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[]
[]
[null,"Instructions"]
[null,"Managing agents should base any information populated in this file on the data submitted with the latest LCR. \nAny cells shaded in light blue are for managing agents to edit. \nIn the Key Modelling Features tab:\n- Please select an option from the drop-downs in column E for every question. Please do not adjust the options available; either select the most relevant option or Other if available. \n- Provide further detail in free text in column F\n- Reference your documentation in column G, to signpost to more detailed information.\nPlease ensure any documentation which has been referenced has been submitted to MRC, via the capital submission or else to SecureStore."]

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[]
[null,{"$f":"\"Syndicate SCR for \"&Year&\" YoA  – Key Modelling Features\"","v":"Syndicate SCR for 2021 YoA  – Key Modelling Features"}]
[null," Agent name"]
[null," Syndicate number"]
[null," Completed by / Contact name"]
[null," Contact email"]
[null," Date of completion"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2021]
[]
[null,"Key"]
[null,"Do not fill"]

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["Risk category","No.","Question","Instruction","Please select","Further information/comments","Link to relevant documents",null,"Please Select","Further Information/Comments",null,null,"Validation"]
["Insurance risk","1.1","Does the syndicate simulate gross losses and explicitly model outwards reinsurance programme for future business?",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","N/A","","",""]
[null,"1.2","How is reinsurance exhaustion, including the potential this arises from reinsurance shared with other legal entities within the Group, included within the model","Please provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Explicit modelling","Implicit modelling","Model adjustment","Other method","Not modelled",""]
[null,"1.3","Does capital benefit materially from an Adverse Development Cover (ADC) or stop loss? ","If yes please describe the cover and amount of benefit to capital. Note: material in this context is cover that provides a 10% or more benefit to ultimate SCR",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"1.4","What allowance is made in the parameterisation and model for events that aren't captured in the underlying data source(s) i.e. ENIDs","Please provide more detail for all insurance risk related allowances i.e. non-cat, reserve and cat risk",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Explicit allowance","Implicit allowance","Not captured","Other","",""]
[null,"1.5","Does the syndicate model attritional losses separately? ","If yes, state distribution used",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"1.6","Are attritional losses modelled in aggregate or by class?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Aggregate","Class","","","",""]
[null,"1.7","Are large losses modelled by the syndicate?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"1.8","Select the approach taken to model large losses. ","If other, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Frequency/Severity","Aggregate","Other","N/A","",""]
[null,"1.9","Select the large loss distribution generally used for frequency. ","• If other, please state which.\n• If multiple distributions are used, select most applicable. State any other materially used distributions in comments. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Poisson","Negative Binomial ","Empirical","Other","N/A",""]
[null,"1.10","Select the large loss distribution generally used for severity. ","• If other, please state which.\n• If multiple distributions are used, select most applicable. State any other materially used distributions in comments. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Lognormal","Pareto","Gamma","Other","N/A",""]
[null,"1.11","How are non-nat cat events modelled?","If other, please provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Implicitly within parameter uplifts","Explicit allowance in large or non-cat parameters","Explicit modelling of non-nat cat events","Not modelled","Other",""]
[null,"1.12","Are non-nat cat losses correlated with other parts of insurance risk?","Please list the sources of implicit and explicit dependencies in the model",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, implicitly via class level dependency","Yes, with other loss types within a class and between classes","Other","","",""]
[null,"1.13","Are you able to quantify non-nat cat contribution to tail dependency in insurance risk and overall capital?","If you're not able to explicitly quantify, please give further detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly ","Yes, approximately","No","","",""]
[null,"1.14","Are PPOs modelled separately?","If yes, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly","No, no material exposure","No, not material to capital","No","",""]
[null,"1.15","Select method used to generate reserve uncertainty. ","Please provide more information if the following options are selected:\n• Other - state which in comments. \n• Bootstrapping - provide details on what, e.g. paid triangles.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bootstrap","Mack","MerzWut","Other","",""]
[null,"1.16","Does the modelling of reserve risk include separate modelling of cat claims (whether nat cat or man-made) or large losses?\n","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"1.17","Does reserve risk use gross / net ratios or explicitly model reinsurance?"," ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gross/Net Ratios","Explicit","Mix of gross/net and explicit","Reinsurance not modelled","",""]
[null,"1.18","Please select catastrophe model used and state version numbers if applicable.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"RMS","AIR","RQE","Varies by peril","Blends used for material perils","Other"]
[null,"1.19","What copula is used to model dependency between (non-cat) reserve classes? ","• If other, please state.\n• Also state the degrees of freedom and correlation coefficient where appropriate",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaussian ","Gumbel","Student's T","Driver based method","Other","N/A"]
[null,"1.20","What copula is used to model dependency between (non-cat) premium classes? Note in this question inflation is excluded as a driver.","• If other, please state.\n• Also state the degrees of freedom and correlation coefficient where appropriate",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaussian ","Gumbel","Student's T","Driver based method","Other","N/A"]
[null,"1.21","What copula is used to model dependency between years of account?","Note, this includes premium and reserve risk dependency:\n• If other, please state what is used.\n• Also state the degrees of freedom and correlation coefficient where appropriate",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Gaussian ","Gumbel","Student's T","Driver based method","Implicit within parameterisation","Other"]
[null,"1.22","Where pairwise class correlation parameters are determined using a high/medium/low/background framework, what proportion of class pairs are modelled using a high correlation?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,0,"0%-20%","20%-40%","40%-60%","60%-100%",""]
[null,"1.23","Where pairwise class correlation parameters are determined using a high/medium/low/background framework, what proportion of class pairs are modelled using a low/background correlation?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,0,"0%-20%","20%-40%","40%-60%","60%-100%",""]
[null,"1.24","Are catastrophe risks correlated with non-catastrophe insurance risks?","• Catastrophe risk here does not include man-made catastrophes, comment if these are allowed for.\n• If using explicit drivers, .",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, via correlation matrix","Yes via explicit drivers","Yes, via correlation matrix and explicit drivers","No","Other",""]
[null,"1.25","Is unearned prior year(s) exposure modelled within premium or reserve risk?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Premium risk","Reserve risk","","","",""]
[null,"1.26","How is allowance for the risk that expenses exceed the amounts included in the SBF and reserves included in the model (i.e. ALAE, ULAE and projected expenses in the SBF)?","Please provide detail","",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Explicit modelling","Implicit modelling","Not modelled","","",""]
[null,"1.27","Does the internal model make an allowance for claims inflation in excess of the \"pure\" inflation (i.e. in excess of normal price/economic)?","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, using explicit drivers","Yes, using uplifts to class volatility or dependency parameters","Yes, using explicit drivers or uplifts to class volatility or dependency parameters","No","Other",""]
[null,"1.28","Does the internal model make an allowance for latent claims and/or catastrophic liability events, including cyber events?","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, these are explicit drivers/loss types in the model","Yes, via uplifts in the volatility or dependency parameters","No","Other","",""]
[null,"1.29","Are multi-year policies a material exposure and if so how are these modelled?","If there is exposure please provide detail to cover amount of exposure and relevant  features of the business (e.g., pricing structure, dependency between years) ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Not a material exposure","Explicit modelling","Model adjustment","No bespoke allowance made for exposure","Other",""]
[null,"1.30","How are insurance risk volatility parameters updated from cycle to cycle? ","If only adjusted for volume changes or other have been selected, please provide further detail.","",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Full reparameterisation","Key classes reparameterised","Previous parameters adjusted for volume changes","Class parameters only amended for risk profile changes","Other",""]
[null,"1.31","Is any form of volume adjustment made within the parameterisation process (e.g. either to adjust from benchmarks or to update parameters from year to year / run to run)?  ","If yes, please provide details.  ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly for all classes","Yes, for premium risk only","Yes, for reserve risk only","No","Other",""]
[null,"1.32","Who carries out the parameterisation of non-cat (i.e. attritional and large claims) premium risk?","If other, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Capital modelling team","Pricing team","Reserving team","Other","",""]
[null,"1.33","Who carries out the parameterisation of non-nat cat (i.e. large events such as terrorism or cyber attacks that don't sit in the non-cat loss bucket) premium risk?","If other, provide more detail","",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Capital modelling team","Pricing team","Reserving team","Exposure management team","Other",""]
[null,"1.34","Who carries out the parameterisation of reserve risk?","If other, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Capital modelling team","Reserving team","Other","","",""]
[null,"1.35","What is the level of simulation error in insurance risk?",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Less than 2%","2-5%","More than 5%","","",""]
[null,"1.36","Please provide details of any other material features of interest within insurance risk.","For example, this could include items such as: \n• Dispute risk allowance \n• LMA data use for new classes \n• Specific disaster scenarios",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
["Reinsurance credit risk","2.1","What is the source of default & transition probabilities used for reinsurers? ","Please provide details. If possible, include the date of the report/information in the further information box.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Standard & Poor","Moody's","Fitch","AM Best","Other",""]
[null,"2.2","How is the loss given default (LGD) modelled for reinsurance counterparties ?","If fixed please specify the LGD%, or if using a distribution specify the mean",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Fixed for all counterparties","Modelled using a distribution","LGD approach not used","","",""]
[null,"2.3","Is there any uplift applied to probabilities (default and/or LGD) in the tail of the distribution? ","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No, but there is an explicit dependency with ins risk","No","","",""]
[null,"2.4","Is there any explicit correlation between reinsurer defaults?","If yes, please provide details of copula used and any other relevant information. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"2.5","If capital benefits from intra-group reinsurance, does the modelling of reinsurance credit risk take into account the potential for increased dependency between stressed scenarios and Group reinsurer default?","If there is intra-group reinsurance please provide detail of the modelling",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","N/A","","",""]
[null,"2.6","Is dispute risk in respect of recoveries included in the internal model?","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly","Yes, implicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"2.7","If the benefit or collateral held in respect of recoveries is modelled, is allowance for the associated market risk and dispute risk included?","If there is collateral, please comment on how this risk is allowed for",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly","Yes, implicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"2.8","If the risk of concentration modelled or allowed for in the capital requirement? Concentrations in this case are defined as either - 50% or more of expected recoveries at the mean or 99.5th are against a single counterparty or Group of related counterparties; 50% or more of the expected recoveries under tail scenarios are from a single counterparty or Group of related counterparties; or the recoveries from the counterparty or group of related counterparties are expected to exceed 20% of the balance sheet assets..",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","N/A, no material concentration","","",""]
[null,"2.9","Is reinsurer default probability linked to catastrophe losses? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"2.10","Is reinsurer default probability linked to reserve movements? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"2.11","What risk horizon is RI credit risk modelled over for the ultimate SCR?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Ultimate","One-year","Other","","",""]
[null,"2.12","Is there an explicit dependency between RI credit risk and insurance risk?","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly","Yes, implicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"2.13","Is there an explicit dependency between RI credit risk and non-insurance risk?","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, explicitly","Yes, implicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"2.14","What is the level of simulation error in reinsurance credit risk?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Less than 2%","2-5%","More than 5%","","",""]
[null,"2.15","Please provide details of any other material features of interest within RI credit risk. ","For example, this could include items such as: \n• Treatment of collateral\n• Allowance for ILW basis risk",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
["Market risk","3.1","Please select the provider for Economic Scenario Generator (ESG) used in the model. ","If other, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Willis Towers Watson","Conning GEMS","Barrie & Hibbert","Lane Clark & Peacock","Moody's","Other"]
[null,"3.2","Please confirm that the following are included in market risk: \na) interest rate risk (includes the unwind of the discount rate)\nb) credit risk (including spread risk, default risk and concentration risk)\nc) equity risk (including other risks and property risk)\nd) currency risk\ne) liquidity risk.","If no, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No, some categories are modelled in other risk categories","No, some elements not modelled","","",""]
[null,"3.3","Please confirm how the modelling ensures that capital does not benefit from investment income on FAL.","Please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Explicit modelling","Implicit modelling","Model adjustment","Other","FAL not material",""]
[null,"3.4","Please provide details of how liquidity risk has been allowed for within the internal model",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Explicit modelling","Scenario approach","Other","Not modelled","Liquidity strain not material",""]
[null,"3.5","Are multiple currencies modelled for both assets/liabilities?","If yes, please comment on how foreign exchange risk is captured where applicable.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"3.6","Are pure (price/wage) claims inflation assumptions taken from the ESG?","If other, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, as they are","Yes, and indices are weighted/blended together","Yes, and are adjusted/overridden","No","Other",""]
[null,"3.7","Does the ESG calibration used allow negative interest rates?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"3.8","Is mean reversion assumed for any of the market risk sub-risks (e.g. FX risk)? ","If yes, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"3.9","What risk horizon is market risk modelled over for the ultimate SCR?","If other, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Ultimate","One-year","Other","","",""]
[null,"3.10","Is there a dependency modelled between market risk and insurance risk?","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, implicitly","Yes, explicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"3.11","Has the link between financially exposed classes (e.g. D&O / long-tailed liability) and market risk been considered in the model?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, but no explicit allowance made as modelling is adequate","Yes, and an explicit allowance is made in the class or dependency parameters","Yes, and an explicit driver (beyond standard inflation from the ESG ) is used in the model","No financially exposed business written","No","Other"]
[null,"3.12","What is the level of simulation error in market risk?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Less than 2%","2-5%","More than 5%","","",""]
[null,"3.13","Please provide details of any other material features of interest within market risk. ","For example, this could include treatment of non-traditional assets, such as derivatives",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
["Operational risk","4.1","What approach is taken to model operational risk?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Frequency/Severity","Scenario-Based","Other","","",""]
[null,"4.2","What data is used in the parameterisation?","Please provide detail of data sources",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"External and internal data sources used","Only external data used","Only internal data used","","",""]
[null,"4.3","Do other risk categories capture operational risks? E.g. broker disputes included in credit rather than operational risk.","If yes, please provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"4.4","Is operational risk correlated with insurance risks? ","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, implicitly","Yes, explicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"4.5","Is operational risk correlated with non-insurance risks? ","If yes, please provide detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, implicitly","Yes, explicitly","No","","",""]
[null,"4.6","What is the level of simulation error in operational risk?",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Less than 2%","2-5%","More than 5%","","",""]
[null,"4.7","Please provide details of any other material features of interest within operation risk. ","For example, this could include allowance made for group risk",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
["Dependencies","5.1","Please summarise how tail dependencies are incorporated within your modelling approach (include any features already included above):\na) Premium risk - between classes\nb) Reserving risk - between classes\nc) Insurance risk - between premium and reserving risk\nd) Overall SCR - between different risk types e.g. insurance risk and mkt risk, insurance risk and RI credit Risk","Summarise how tail dependencies are incorporated into the internal model. Features mentioned elsewhere in this return should be included but can reference the specific question where they are included for more detail.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
[null,"5.2","Please provide details of any other material features of interest on dependencies in the model. ","Include any other material dependencies imposed which are not mentioned elsewhere. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
["One-year","6.1","How is premium risk modelled for one-year SCR?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Emergence Pattern","Other","","","",""]
[null,"6.2","How is reserve risk modelled for one-year SCR?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Emergence Pattern","Actuary in a box","Other","","",""]
[null,"6.3","What methodology is used to determine the opening risk margin?","If other, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Calculated in the model","Input to the model","Other","","",""]
[null,"6.4","What methodology is used to determine the risk margin on the one-year closing balance sheet?","If other, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Based on ratio of opening risk margin to TPs","Other","","","",""]
[null,"6.5","Please provide details of any other material features of interest within one-year SCR.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
["Other","7.1","Please specify the  vendor for your capital model","In the further information/comments section please include:\n- Model type (e.g., Remetrica, TCM, ICM)\n- Version number\n- If a standardised model is being used, whether there are customisations\n- Number of sims and amount of time take for a standard production run.","",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"RPC","AON","WTW","In-house","Other",""]
[null,"7.2","When was the last model platform change submission to Lloyd's?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Within last 12 months","Within last 2 - 3 years","Within last 3 - 5 years","More than 5 years ago","N/A",""]
[null,"7.3","Is the model aligned to a Group model?","Please provide further detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No, it's a standalone model","Yes, but all risk is calculated at syndicate level","Yes, and some risk is parameterised at Group level and allocated to syndicate","Other","",""]
[null,"7.4","Is the LCR based on a single model run or average of model runs?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Based on single model run","Based on average of model runs ","","","",""]
[null,"7.5","How is the run (seed) selected for completing the LCR? ","Please outline the approach",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]
[null,"7.6","Are all LCR forms populated directly from model output?","If no, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes, all forms","No, not for all forms","","","",""]
[null,"7.7","What is the level of simulation error in overall capital?",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Less than 2%","2-5%","More than 5%","","",""]
[null,"7.8","Are there management adjustments or loadings applied on top of modelled risk to allow for model deficiencies?","If yes, provide more detail",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Yes","No","","","",""]
[null,"7.9","How would you best describe the current balance between the use of internal and external validation of the model? ",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"All validation done internally","Validation is mostly internal but supplemented by external support","Validation testing is equally balanced between internal and external teams ","Validation is fully outsourced","",""]
[null,"7.10","How often, if at all, has validation raised critical/the highest materiality level of validation issue during a validation cycle?","Please provide detail for how long it has typically taken validation to close these issues","",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Every year","This level of issue has been raised at least once within the last 2-3 years","This level of issue is rarely raised","","",""]
[null,"7.11","If applicable, how often is external validation support refreshed? ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Every year","Every 2-3 years","Every 4-5 years","Less often than every 5 years","N/A",""]
[null,"7.12","What is the current size of the syndicate capital modelling team? This should exclude resource that is dedicated to non-syndicate entities, unless they are readily available to support the syndicate team. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"1-2 people","3-4 people","5-7 people","8-10 people","More than 10 people",""]
[null,"7.13","What proportion of the team comprises fully qualified actuaries?",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,0,"0%-20%","20%-50%","50%-80%","80%-100%",""]
[null,"7.14","Who signs off the capital model output, prior to Board review?",null,"",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Chief Actuary","CRO","CFO","Other","",""]
[null,"7.15","Please provide details of any other material features of interest/comments not mentioned elsewhere.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"","","","","",""]