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0435 lloyds:ClaimsPaidDuringYear lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ClaimsPaidDuringYear lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ClaimsPaidDuringYear 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ClaimsPaidDuringYear lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ClaimsPaidDuringYear lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ClaimsPaidDuringYear 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ExpectedCostCurrentYearClaims lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ExpectedCostCurrentYearClaims lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ExpectedCostCurrentYearClaims 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ExpectedCostCurrentYearClaims lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ExpectedCostCurrentYearClaims lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ExpectedCostCurrentYearClaims 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ChangeInEstimatesPriorYearProvisions lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 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lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsWrittenDuringYear lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsWrittenDuringYear lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsWrittenDuringYear 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsWrittenDuringYear lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsWrittenDuringYear lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsWrittenDuringYear 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsEarnedDuringYear lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsEarnedDuringYear lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsEarnedDuringYear 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsEarnedDuringYear lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsEarnedDuringYear lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PremiumsEarnedDuringYear 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2025-01-01 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0435 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lloyds:ForeignExchange 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:GrossProvisions 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:GrossProvisions 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ReinsuranceAssets 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:AdditionsDuringYear 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:AdditionsDuringYear 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:UnwindDiscount 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:UnwindDiscount 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:AmountsUtilised 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:AmountsUtilised 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:UnusedAmountsReversedToProfitLossAccount 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:UnusedAmountsReversedToProfitLossAccount 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectMovementsInExchangeRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:UndiscountedClaims 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:UndiscountedClaims 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectsDiscounting 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:EffectsDiscounting 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Inter-SyndicateBalances 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Inter-SyndicateBalances 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ProfitCommissionsPayable 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ProfitCommissionsPayable 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:OtherRelatedPartyBalancesNon-syndicates 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:OtherRelatedPartyBalancesNon-syndicates 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeLiabilities 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeLiabilities 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:OtherLiabilities 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:OtherLiabilities 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashBankInHand 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashBankInHand 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:ShortTermDebtInstrumentsPresentedWithinOtherFinancialInvestments 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:ShortTermDebtInstrumentsPresentedWithinOtherFinancialInvestments 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:DepositsWithCreditInstitutions 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DepositsWithCreditInstitutions 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:BankOverdrafts 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:BankOverdrafts 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashCashEquivalents lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashCashEquivalents lloyds:CashFlows 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashCashEquivalents lloyds:Acquired 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashCashEquivalents lloyds:FairValueExchangeMovements 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashCashEquivalents lloyds:Non-cashChanges 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashCashEquivalents 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeFinancialInstruments lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeFinancialInstruments lloyds:CashFlows 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeFinancialInstruments lloyds:Acquired 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeFinancialInstruments lloyds:FairValueExchangeMovements 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeFinancialInstruments lloyds:Non-cashChanges 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:DerivativeFinancialInstruments 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:CashFlows 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:Acquired 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:FairValueExchangeMovements 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other lloyds:Non-cashChanges 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Other 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:BalanceAs1January 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CashFlows 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Acquired 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:FairValueExchangeMovements 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Non-cashChanges 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PoundSterling lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PoundSterling lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PoundSterling lloyds:AverageRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:PoundSterling lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PoundSterling lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:PoundSterling lloyds:AverageRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Euro lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Euro lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Euro lloyds:AverageRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:Euro lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Euro lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:Euro lloyds:AverageRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:USDollar lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:USDollar lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:USDollar lloyds:AverageRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:USDollar lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:USDollar lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:USDollar lloyds:AverageRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CanadianDollar lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CanadianDollar lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CanadianDollar lloyds:AverageRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:CanadianDollar lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CanadianDollar lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:CanadianDollar lloyds:AverageRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:AustralianDollar lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:AustralianDollar lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:AustralianDollar lloyds:AverageRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:AustralianDollar lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:AustralianDollar lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:AustralianDollar lloyds:AverageRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:JapaneseYen lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:JapaneseYen lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:JapaneseYen lloyds:AverageRate 2025-12-31 0435 lloyds:JapaneseYen lloyds:StartPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:JapaneseYen lloyds:EndPeriodRate 2024-12-31 0435 lloyds:JapaneseYen lloyds:AverageRate 2024-12-31
Accounts disclaimer
Important information about Syndicate Reports and Accounts Access to this document is restricted to persons who have given the certification set forth below. If this document has been forwarded to you and you have not been asked to give the certification, please be aware that you are only permitted to access it if you are able to give the certification. The syndicate reports and accounts set forth in this section of the Lloyd’s website, which have been filed with Lloyd’s in accordance with the Syndicate Accounting Byelaw (No. 8 of 2005), are being provided for informational purposes only. The syndicate reports and accounts have not been prepared by Lloyd’s, and Lloyd’s has no responsibility for their accuracy or content. Access to the syndicate reports and accounts is not being provided for the purposes of soliciting membership in Lloyd’s or membership on any syndicate of Lloyd’s, and no offer to join Lloyd’s or any syndicate is being made hereby. Members of Lloyd’s are reminded that past performance of a syndicate in any syndicate year is not predictive of the related syndicate’s performance in any subsequent syndicate year. You acknowledge and agree to the foregoing as a condition of your accessing the syndicate reports and accounts. You also agree that you will not provide any person with a copy of any syndicate report and accounts without also providing them with a copy of this acknowledgment and agreement, by which they will also be bound
FARADAY
Syndicate 0435
Annual Report for the year ended
31 December 2025
Contents
2
Directors and Administration....................................................................................................3
Strategic report of the Managing Agent...................................................................................4
Managing Agent’s report........................................................................................................11
Statement of Managing Agent’s responsibilities....................................................................13
Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Syndicate 435............................................14
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income:...............................................18
Balance sheet – Assets.........................................................................................................20
Balance sheet – Liabilities.....................................................................................................21
Statement of changes in members’ balances........................................................................22
Statement of cash flows.........................................................................................................23
Notes to the financial statements...........................................................................................24
Directors and Administration
3
Managing Agent
Managing Agent
Faraday Underwriting Limited
Directors
Nick Frankland, Chair and non-executive director
Paul Blight
Andrew D’Arcy, non-executive director
Vicky Cortese
Kevin Harker
Michael Hosking
Terry Masters, Senior non- executive director
Stephen Michael, non-executive director
Andrea Reynolds, non-executive director
Tom Shelley
Company Secretary
Elisabeth Richardson
Managing Agent’s registered office
Corn Exchange
55 Mark Lane
London
EC3R 7NE
Managing Agent’s registered number
01682486
Website
Syndicate
Active Underwriter
Paul Blight
Investment Managers
New England Asset Management Limited
Registered Auditor
Deloitte LLP
Statutory Auditor
2 New Street Square
London
EC4A 3BZ
United Kingdom
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
4
The Strategic report contains a review of the business including an analysis of its performance during the year ended 31 December 2025, as well as the principal risks and uncertainties facing the business and future developments.
Principal activity and review of the business
The principal activity of the business remains the transaction of general insurance and reinsurance business as part of the Lloyd’s market in London.
General themes seen in 2025 have been a continuation of those apparent in 2024 with geopolitical turmoil affecting many areas with consequent disruption to the global economy. This has increased and expanded in the early part of 2026. Around the world many regions are experiencing tensions and unrest and there are few realistic signs of restoration of stability. Inflation and increased interest rates have tended to decrease in 2025 although business failures appear to be increasing with the cost of living crisis continuing to impact consumer demand. The geopolitical tensions are having an impact on the robustness of supply chains including the provision of power supplies adding to general economic strain.
Increased focus is being applied to operational resilience bearing in mind enhanced use of electronic means of communication and its use in most business transactions. This has also become an area of attention for various regulators in the UK and around the world, partly driven by the increasing frequency of malicious cyber attacks. Climatic events have resulted in several records being broken covering temperature, intensity of storms and the frequency of flooding and other so called ‘secondary perils’.
Faraday’s business looks to address the perceived consequences from all aspects of the above in relation to meeting ever changing client needs as well as running our own operations in an efficient and effective manner. Consideration of emerging risks remains a key area of focus. We remain mindful of sanctions issues as well.
Inflation both economic and social, continue to be significant factors for pricing and reserving. We maintain robust operational standards which include prudent reserving in line with Faraday’s standard reserving philosophy. Inflation forecasts vary widely by both region and business class and Faraday is continuing with its enhanced and more frequent reviews of the drivers of inflation looking to prudently allow for its impact within pricing and reserving. Governments and Central Banks, following a period of increasing base interest rates, have started to reduce these suggesting that peak borrowing costs have been reached, although there is considerable uncertainty over any programme of reductions at present. However, with much and ever changing geopolitical tension around the globe plus the reaction of bond markets to local economic policies, forecasting interest rates with any certainty is far from straightforward; the pace of any reductions is neither predictable nor steady.
Foreign exchange movements during 2025 were wide ranging too.
For the wider (re)insurance industry 2025 was impacted by notable events. The year commenced with fires in Southern California, there was a significant earthquake in Myanmar and the hurricane season brought a major landfall event of note - Hurricane Melissa. Southeast Asia experienced severe weather events too. The global and wide ranging nature of these events is apparent. Also of note was the Air India aeroplane crash along with other aviation losses during 2025.
Underlying gross written premium income for Syndicate 435 decreased by 8% in 2025. This was principally due to the decline in rates that arose during the year. Despite this the business overall has and is continuing to benefit from a broadening of the Faraday platform.
A negative rating environment prevailed throughout 2025 in the majority of classes apart from US General Liability and Aviation. Despite this disappointment when viewed against the plan for the year, pricing levels remained adequate in most areas. Pricing metrics were keenly monitored and portfolio management rigorously employed in order to retain a medium term resilient portfolio commensurate with the prevailing trading environment.
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
5
Faraday continues to be a market leading provider of (re)insurance in windstorm and earthquake prone areas and therefore expects to incur losses from such events when they occur. As noted above, 2025 was impacted by natural peril losses although, for the market, the frequency was lower than recent years. Whilst Syndicate 435 has exposure to the effects of weather around the globe Hurricane Melissa and the Californian wildfires were the main natural catastrophe events generating losses in the year. Other events were of less significance. In general, the natural catastrophe losses in 2025 were below our priced expectations. Our Underwriters have worked hard to ensure the book of business is not overly exposed to any series of attritional or modest sized events. Our reserving process and philosophy for such events is entrenched in the business having developed significant expertise over many years in this market. Reserves are established following a review of all available information and after taking a conservative view of the potential for development of losses. The loss reserves therefore reflect Faraday’s minimal appetite for any deterioration in its reported loss position. Reserves set in recent years in respect of other natural catastrophe events have, in aggregate, proved to be adequate. The syndicate’s whole account catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance has responded to events in 2025.
The Property Treaty team produced a profit despite the losses from the Californian wildfires. The rating environment continued to be navigated by the Underwriters although price adequacy in some parts of the International portfolio is restricting opportunities for growth. Programme attachment points and consideration of all perils in the underwriting process contributed to the performance. The year’s income forecast and the capacity available had built-in provision for the potential for post event increase in demand but this was not required. This book benefitted from reductions in prior years' loss estimates.
The Commercial Lines portfolio continued to perform well in 2025 despite experiencing the on-going effects of inflationary trends and deterioration in demand and terms offered. There was increased portfolio churn as competitive pressures and structural changes were applied. Nevertheless 2025 proved to be another very successful year for this business although we might expect challenges going forward.
Actions to strengthen the pricing and reserving of the US Casualty business taken in recent years have been well founded and further actions, but to a lesser extent, were taken this year with prior year loss experience developing broadly in line with our best estimate expectations in most segments. Whilst rates for this business have been increasing, claims costs, due to general and social inflationary pressures and litigation severity in particular, are continuing to offset these improvements, particularly in the general liability and medical malpractice sectors. As noted above although economic inflation is abating social inflation and medical costs are continuing to rise notably in the US and to a lesser extent in other countries. We are mindful of the challenges of emotive bodily injury exposures in the US and continue to refine this part of the portfolio whilst generating diversification in other non-aligned sectors. Reserving in Casualty classes has been a focus of detailed review and where necessary revisions to the underlying original pricing assumptions and reserving bases have been applied. The work has utilised all market data and expert judgement in relation to the anticipated outcomes of legal, social and economic trend over the near and medium terms.
The Aviation market after a spate of losses during the year finally responded with some material pricing change in the Airline sector and further pricing increases are being sought in 2026. Faraday was an insurer on the tragic Air India incident but our avoidance of US Aviation exposures generally meant that we were not impacted by loss events from that region. Litigation is now underway relating to aeroplanes which had been leased to Russian airlines. Faraday’s Aviation book has benefited from being able to reduce the cost reserves for Russia / Ukraine related litigations. Court cases are concluding and there are on-going indications of recouping some of the costs. Pricing remains weak in the General Aviation and Aerospace segments.
The Employers’ Liability & Public Liability book continues to perform consistently and satisfactorily and is now growing with a broad base of clients and activities.
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
6
International Casualty Treaty has now reduced to a largely non aggregating foreign portfolio which performs within expectation. UK Motor excess of loss business has not been underwritten for a number of years but a further provision was made in 2025 in response to the latest Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) survey came in higher than expected at 7.25%.
In 2025 an International Casualty insurance team was established and began underwriting a non-UK non-US portfolio from the fourth quarter. This will serve to increase Faraday’s offering and we expect to see benefits from the cross selling opportunities that this might bring with the property and professional liability teams.
The Financial Lines team continued to consolidate its position in the market place further increasing its premium income. Reserving on this line is robust as it becomes established and this, together with several medium sized losses during 2025, gave rise to a small loss in the year. Trading conditions continue to be challenging but the team continues to search for profitable opportunities, notably in the lighter hazard, often delegated, space.
Agriculture remains a consistent performer within Syndicate 435’s portfolio due to the risk selection of the experienced underwriting team. The account’s underlying performance and premium growth remained very good as the portfolio skews more towards insurance in Europe and Australasia. 2026 should see further growth in this line as the team continues to identify and engage in significant deals.
Energy continued upon its gentle growth trajectory towards critical mass but was hindered by strong trading headwinds. Loss performance since inception has been excellent. The team is looking for ways to extend range and relevance with a positive effect on the ultimate result.
Faraday began writing a contained Partnership portfolio in 2025 of largely accretive, diversified, specialist accounts through third parties where performance is expected to withstand the external cost base and produce adequate returns across the trading cycle. The Partner selection process is robust; each deal size being relatively modest enabling the tracking of performance prior to increasing the commitment.
In addition, Faraday Europe, the new platform, began to generate property business with the expectation of profitable growth and class expansion in the coming years.
New lines of business continue to be given consideration and Faraday aims to further broaden its portfolio in 2026.
Faraday is looking to grow into new and existing lines where medium term rates are deemed sufficient for the risk being taken on and wishes to optimise the portfolio towards areas anticipated to produce superior returns whilst maintaining strict underwriting discipline. Several initiatives are being worked on to produce underwriting strategies and disciplines that are commensurate with the prevailing environments. Faraday is willing to consider and engage in a large variety of arrangements and distribution channels and is seeing the benefit of its recent expansion of engagement with other market participants.
Performance management remains an integral part of underwriting supervision and strategies. Coverages and exposures are continually evaluated in order to either improve the chances of likely positive outcomes or enhance the ongoing profitability of a sector. Where necessary we will act to limit areas of the business not delivering to target.
Principal risks and uncertainties
A formal risk strategy and set of risk policies have been put in place, these are consistent with our business strategy. The risk policies are supported by a series of risk appetites which set out our overall appetite for risk. The business strategy and risk appetites are subject to frequent review to ensure Faraday is able to respond to any changes in market conditions.
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
7
The board retains responsibility for the design of the risk management framework and approval of the risk appetites. It has delegated other aspects of risk management to the Risk & Capital Committee and the Audit & Risk Committee; the latter reports to the board.
The Executive Management Committee is responsible for the execution of the business strategy and manages the business from an operational perspective. It is supported by formal groups responsible for day-to-day underwriting, investment review, overseeing the larger transactions, management of the syndicate’s counterparty exposures, delegated authority arrangements, climate change, data analytics, operational resilience and information technology; these groups report directly to the Executive Management Committee.
The Risk & Capital Committee, reporting to the Audit & Risk Committee, oversees the risk profile of the syndicate.
The Audit & Risk Committee is composed entirely of non-executive directors; this body provides independent oversight and challenge to the way in which risk is managed, monitored and reported within the syndicate. It considers any changes to risk appetite ensuring consistency with the syndicate’s risk strategy. In addition, this Committee reviews, amongst other matters, the risk management framework, the operation of the internal model and the internal control system. The Risk and Compliance functions provide input to the Audit & Risk Committee.
From an operational perspective, the Chief Executive Officer is responsible for strategic risk, risk related to personnel and group risk. The Chief Underwriting Officer monitors underwriting risk, including the oversight of catastrophe exposures and, in conjunction with the Chief Executive Officer reinsurance protections. The Head of Claims is responsible for claims management and the Chief Actuary, in conjunction with the Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for reserve risk. The Chief Financial Officer manages all aspects of market risk and credit risk. The Chief Operating Officer is responsible for the oversight of operational risks, as they relate to processes and systems.
The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for risk management and regulatory compliance. Risk and control owners are responsible for assessing and managing the risks for which they are held accountable using a series of key performance and key risk indicators. The former are reported on at the Executive Management Committee and the latter are the responsibility of the Risk & Capital Committee. Where an indicator triggers pre-set criteria an escalation to the board is implemented to support effective management of the syndicate’s risk profile.
The principal risks and uncertainties facing the syndicate are as follows:
Insurance risk
There are three different elements to insurance risk, being the risk of losses from catastrophe events (catastrophe risk), the risk that business will prove to be inadequately priced given the coverage being provided (premium risk), and the risk that claims reserves prove to be insufficient (reserve risk). The board manages insurance risk by agreeing its underwriting appetite at least annually. This includes catastrophe appetites, combined ratio targets and line size guidelines. Underwriting performance is monitored against the business plan throughout the year by the Executive Management Committee. Licensed catastrophe models are used to model maximum probable losses from natural catastrophe exposed business for significant perils in key areas and to monitor exposures against pre-determined appetites. Reserve adequacy is monitored through a regular review of loss development and reserving analyses carried out by the Actuarial department.
Credit Risk
This represents the risk of default by one or more of the syndicate’s counterparties, be they brokers, coverholders or reinsurers. The risk of default by issuers of investment holdings is captured in market risk.
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
8
The syndicate conducts business only with brokers and coverholders that have been approved by the security group, which reviews the financial position and other information in respect of these entities on at least an annual basis. A similar process is followed with respect to the use of reinsurers on the syndicate’s reinsurance programmes.
Market Risk
Market risk relates primarily to the exposures faced by the syndicate in respect of movements in key economic variables such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates and their potential impact on the valuation of the investment portfolio and other balance sheet items, such as claims reserves. These risks are managed through the adoption of a prudent investment strategy with respect to the duration and credit quality of the investment portfolio, as well as through the regular re-balancing of the foreign exchange position and exposures to match closely the liability currency profile.
In relation to investment holdings, the investment group recommends to the board the syndicate’s investment strategy, having due regard to investment results, economic conditions and developments in financial markets. Benchmarks are set each year with reference to this strategy in order to monitor the performance of the syndicate’s investment managers. Credit quality and asset concentration parameters are set which properly control the syndicate’s exposure to investment risk. The syndicate makes no use of financial derivatives in the management of its risk exposures.
Liquidity risk
This is the risk that the syndicate will not be able to meet its liabilities as they fall due, because of a shortfall of liquid assets. To mitigate this risk, the level of short-term investment holdings is monitored by the Chief Financial Officer, the Executive Management and the Risk & Capital Committees. The syndicate’s conservative investment guidelines also help to ensure that its portfolio has the necessary liquidity to respond quickly to short-term funding needs.
Operational Risk
Operational risk arises from errors caused by people, processes or systems, to include cyber issues, that could lead to losses to the syndicate. It includes the impact from external bodies, such as outsourced service providers and related companies. A specific workstream addresses operational resilience in its many forms. We are mindful of the PRA’s requirements to be able to demonstrate that we remain within our impact tolerances for our important business services (IBS). Much time has been spent in responding to the various requests from the regulators and the PRA’s deadline of March 2025 was met. Faraday has now embarked on a programme of further enhancements to the processes and controls.
Operational risk is managed through a combination of robust service level agreements with external service providers, the implementation of detailed procedures and controls in all areas of its business and a structured programme of testing of processes and systems by the Risk, Compliance and Internal Audit departments. This is overseen by the Executive Management and Risk & Capital Committees.
Financial key performance indicators
The syndicate's underwriting strategy is focused on the profitability of business, a key performance indicator being the level of absolute profit achieved. In 2025, despite several catastrophe events and the further enhancement of reserves for social and economic inflation, the syndicate generated a profit of $205,413,000 (2024: $185,379,000) at a combined ratio of 81.0% (2024: 83.5%).
The other key financial performance indicator is the investment return achieved compared with the benchmark set by the board. Given the nature of the syndicate's business, 76% of its investment portfolio is denominated in US dollars. The 2025 calendar year investment return on this portfolio was 4.1% (2024: 4.8%), compared with a benchmark of 4.8% (2024: 4.0%). Following increases in global interest rate these are now falling back and these reductions are now working through to the syndicate’s investment returns.
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
9
Key stakeholders and responsibilities
The managing agent is fully aware of on-going responsibilities. Accordingly, attention is given to key stakeholders. These include clients, regulators, staff employed by the group, third party suppliers, local communities, the environment and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. the ultimate parent company.
The managing agent acts in good faith to promote the success of the syndicate for the benefit of the member as a whole. Decision making is made in an informed manner, having regard to the impact on stakeholders and matters set out in s.172 of the Companies Act 2006.
Of particular note:
The directors, in making decisions have considered the long-term prospects of Syndicate 435. A review of the business is given above.
The managing agent takes pride in all business relationships. The organisation looks to engage with clients, outsourcers, professional advisers, staff and other stakeholders in a straightforward and professional manner. Treating all stakeholders fairly is of paramount importance.
Employees are fundamental to the success of the business. The managing agent strives to make Faraday an enjoyable and rewarding place to work. Regular meetings are held to update staff on the performance and operational aspects of the syndicate. The open style of management adopted by the directors encourages employees to raise any issues and appropriate steps can be taken. The directors regard this style as one of the core strengths; it assists with staff retention. Training and development of staff is another important factor of the board’s focus; a skilled and content workforce is crucial to the success of the business. As well as participating in market surveys and undertaking an in-house survey on culture the Culture Group composed of members of staff from across Faraday has enabled full and frank discussion and dialogue on the findings. Initiatives have been established to address the matters raised and a formal set of Values is being refreshed.
The directors monitor developments in the wider business and financial arenas. In particular these include regulatory requirements and guidelines as well as legal frameworks and Risk and Compliance aspects of the (re)insurance industry. Faraday would adapt to any revisions as they arise having regard to our diverse stakeholders. Market conditions underpin the ever-changing needs of key stakeholders. The directors endeavour to react to the circumstances in a timely manner. High business standards are promoted throughout the organisation. The board revisits the overall strategy at a formal meeting each year. Work continues on an on-going basis to increase the quality of business being underwritten. When necessary, difficult decisions will be taken.
The robust client focus assists with maintaining and improving relationships with clients, outsourcers and suppliers. Every effort is made by the directors, following recommendations from the Underwriters, to meet the changing needs of our customers. Products are regularly reviewed to ensure they meet the requirements and are acceptable to all parties in the distribution chain; revisions are made as necessary.
The directors value market perception. Every effort is made to meet the wide range of financial responsibilities. Payment terms will be met and enquiries are always made where service levels are queried by any of the stakeholders.
Finally, the managing agent is conscious of its environmental and social responsibilities. Care is taken to minimise any adverse impact the business might have on the wider environment. A hybrid working regime has been in operation during 2025; this continues to be monitored to achieve the best outcome for the business. It is pleasing to note that colleagues continue to undertake face to face meetings in person; the business is seeing benefits from this. Work continues to reduce the use of general office consumables. Specific attention is now being given to the broad reach of climate change from both a business and operational perspective.
Strategic report of the Managing Agent (continued)
10
Environment, Social & Governance : Climate change
The impact on the business from climate change continues to be assessed; relevant data is considered and action taken as appropriate bearing in mind the long term nature of the impacts of climate change. The managing agent is mindful of its corporate and social responsibilities in the global market place in which the syndicate is active. Specific resource has been dedicated to evaluating climate change with an on-going review of the risk factors from a financial and an operational perspective.
Future developments
Whilst it is too early to assess rates across the various lines of business 2026 has opened, in the main, with a very competitive trading environment. This is due, in part, to surplus capacity in many areas with aggressive appetite. Whilst disappointing, our Underwriters remain focussed on writing business that meets our strict internal metrics around price adequacy and finding opportunities that supplement the existing portfolio.
Faraday continues to work with Lloyd’s to ensure we are positioned for long term success as well as supporting the Lloyd’s franchise with engagement in the roll-out of The Future at Lloyd’s, Blueprint Two which has been subject to several delays.
The managing agent remains mindful that Faraday’s primary platform continues to be the syndicate. However, in certain circumstances this may not be suitable and Faraday MGA Limited, our second platform, would provide a means to accommodate Faraday’s clients’ needs. In 2025 our MGA has bound business on behalf of General Reinsurance AG and it is dealing with the runoff of business bound in earlier years on behalf of Berkshire Hathaway International Insurance Limited, both are related group companies. And, as noted in the Managing Agent’s Report Faraday Europe SAS (FESAS) was formed in late 2024. This now has branches in France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the UK. Once fully operational this network will provide another route for business for Syndicate 435. Some business was written through FESAS in 2025
Faraday continues to review its vision and overall strategy. We strive to ensure the optimum outcome for policyholders as well as adding strength to the Faraday brand. We continue to investigate other classes of business and will look to broaden the Faraday product offering where appropriate. Faraday maintains its strong underwriting discipline across all lines of business and is prepared to take tough decisions should the underlying risk not pass strict criteria. Underwriters remain focused on the profitability of the business being written. We are actively looking to enhance our market presence during the coming year through growth in our younger teams, participation in further new lines of business and large individual bespoke arrangements.
By order of the board
Elisabeth Richardson
Company Secretary
London
19 February 2026
Managing Agent’s report
11
The directors of Faraday Underwriting Limited (‘the managing agent’) present their report for the year ended 31 December 2025.
This Annual Report is prepared using the annual basis of accounting as required by Statutory Instrument No 1950 of 2008, the Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 and applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102: The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (‘FRS102’) and Financial Reporting Standard 103: Insurance Contracts (‘FRS103’).
Results
The majority of Syndicate 435’s business is US based; US dollars is the functional currency and the presentational currency. Any regulatory figures established in GB pounds are stated in that currency.
The result for the 2025 calendar year is a profit of $205,413,000 (2024: $185,379,000).
Going concern
After making enquiries, the directors have a reasonable expectation that Syndicate 435 (‘the syndicate) has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Moreover, the directors expect that continued capital support will be in place in order to do so. Accordingly, the going concern basis continues to be adopted in preparing the Annual Report.
Directors
The directors of the managing agent who served during the year ended 31 December 2025 and to the date of signing this report were as follows:
Paul Blight, Chief Underwriting Officer and Active Underwriter
Andrew D’Arcy, non-executive director
Vicky Cortese, HR director
Nick Frankland, non-executive director and Chairman
Kevin Harker, Chief Financial Officer
Michael Hosking, Chief Risk Officer
Terry Masters, Senior non-executive director
Stephen Michael, non-executive director
Andrea Reynolds, non-executive director
Tom Shelley, Chief Executive Officer
Faraday’s wider role
Although Syndicate 435 is Faraday’s main platform, Faraday MGA Limited (‘the MGA’) provides a means to accommodate our clients’ needs when the Lloyd’s platform does not. The MGA has a binding authority to write business on behalf of General Reinsurance AG (GRAG) and recently with Berkshire Hathaway International Insurance Limited (BHIIL), both of which are related companies.
In 2024 Faraday Europe SAS (FESAS) was incorporated in France. As referred to in the Strategic report branches in Germany, France, the UK, Spain and Italy are now operational. The infrastructure and operational capabilities are being embedded and some business was written through FESAS in 2025 providing another route for business to pass to Syndicate 435.
Managing Agent’s report (continued)
12
Statement of disclosure of information to auditors
Each of the directors at the date of this report confirms that:
(a)so far as each of them is aware, there is no information relevant to the audit of the syndicate’s financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2025 of which the auditors are unaware; and
(b)the director has taken all the steps that she/he ought to have taken in her/his duty as a director to make her/ him aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the syndicate’s auditors are aware of that information.
Management and capacity
Faraday Underwriting Limited is the managing agent for Syndicate 435. Faraday Holdings Limited, the immediate parent company of the managing agent, is itself owned by General Re Corporation which is a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. The ultimate holding company of the Faraday group of companies is therefore Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
Syndicate capacity for the 2023 year of account has been provided in full by Faraday Capital Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Faraday Holdings Limited. Faraday Capital Limited will continue to be the sole corporate name on the 2023 and prior years of account until the point of reinsurance to close.
Faraday Capital Limited has exercised its right to waive the requirement to prepare separate accounts for the 2023 closed year of account.
With effect from the 2024 year of account syndicate capacity is provided in full by Faraday Corporate Capital Limited, also a wholly owned subsidiary of Faraday Holdings Limited
The capacity in recent years is as follows: 2023 and 2024: £680m and 2025: £640m.
Capacity for 2026 has been set at £505m and is provided by our corporate member Faraday Corporate Capital Limited
Faraday is composed of Faraday Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries Faraday Underwriting Limited, Faraday Corporate Capital Limited, Faraday Capital Limited, Faraday Europe SAS, Faraday MGA Limited and GRF Services Limited.
Future developments
Future developments at the syndicate are described in the Strategic Report on page 4.
Auditors and syndicate meeting
The managing agent hereby gives formal notification of a proposal to re-appoint Deloitte LLP as auditor of Syndicate 435 for a further year. In addition, the managing agent confirms that it does not propose to hold an annual general meeting of the syndicate.
By order of the board
Elisabeth Richardson
Company Secretary
London
19 February 2026
Statement of Managing Agent’s responsibilities
13
31 December 2025
The managing agent is responsible for preparing the annual report and the syndicate financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
The Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 (‘the 2008 Regulations’) require the managing agent to prepare syndicate financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the managing agent has elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the managing agent must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the syndicate and of the profit or loss of the syndicate for that period.
In preparing these syndicate financial statements, the managing agent is required to:
(a)select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently
(b)make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
(c)state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and
(d)prepare the syndicate financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the syndicate will continue to write business.
The managing agent is responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the syndicate’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the syndicate and enable it to ensure that the financial statements comply with 2008 Regulations. It is also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the syndicate and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The preparation and review of the iXBRL tagging that has been applied to the Syndicate Financial Statements in accordance with the instructions issued by Lloyd’s, including designing, implementing and maintaining systems, processes and internal controls to result in tagging that is free from material non-compliance with the instructions issued by Lloyd’s, whether due to fraud or error.
The managing agent is responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the business’ website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
By order of the board
Kevin Harker
Director
London
19 February 2026
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Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Syndicate 435
14
Report on the audit of the syndicate annual financial statements
Opinion
In our opinion the syndicate annual financial statements of Syndicate 435 (the ‘syndicate’):
give a true and fair view of the state of the syndicate’s affairs as at 31 December 2025 and of its profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland”; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of The Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 and sections 1 and 5 of the Syndicate Accounts Instructions Version 3.1 as modified by the Frequently Asked Questions Version 1.1 issued by Lloyd’s (the “Lloyd’s Syndicate Accounts Instructions”).
We have audited the syndicate annual financial statements which comprise:
the statement of profit or loss account and other comprehensive income;
the balance sheet;
the statement of changes in members’ balances;
the statement of cash flows; and
the related notes 1 to 24.
The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law and the Syndicate Accounts Instructions. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the syndicate annual financial statements section of our report.
We are independent of the syndicate in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the syndicate annual financial statements in the UK, including the Financial Reporting Council’s (the ‘FRC’s’) Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the managing agent’s use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the syndicate’s ability to continue in operations for a period of at least twelve months from when the syndicate financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the managing agent with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Syndicate 435 (continued)
15
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the syndicate annual financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The managing agent is responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the syndicate annual financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the syndicate annual financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Responsibilities of managing agent
As explained more fully in the managing agent’s responsibilities statement, the managing agent is responsible for the preparation of the syndicate annual financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the managing agent determines is necessary to enable the preparation of syndicate annual financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the syndicate annual financial statements, the managing agent is responsible for assessing the syndicate’s ability to continue in operation, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to the syndicate’s ability to continue in operation and to use the going concern basis of accounting unless the managing agent intends to cease the syndicate’s operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the syndicate annual financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the syndicate annual financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these syndicate annual financial statements.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the syndicate annual financial statements is located on the FRC’s website at: . This description forms part of
our auditor’s report.
Extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.
We considered the nature of the syndicate and its control environment, and reviewed the syndicate’s documentation of their policies and procedures relating to fraud and compliance with laws and regulations. We also enquired of management and internal audit about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities.
Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Syndicate 435 (continued)
16
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that the syndicate operates in, and identified the key laws and regulations that:
had a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. These included the Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 and the Lloyd’s Syndicate Accounting Byelaw (no. 8 of 2005), the Lloyd’s Syndicate Accounts Instructions; and
do not have a direct effect on the financial statements but compliance with which may be fundamental to the syndicate’s ability to operate or to avoid a material penalty. These included the requirements of Solvency UK.
We discussed among the audit engagement team including relevant internal specialists such as actuarial and IT specialists regarding the opportunities and incentives that may exist within the organisation for fraud and how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements.
As a result of performing the above, we identified the greatest potential for fraud in the following areas, and our procedures performed to address them are described below:
Estimation of pipeline premiums requires significant management judgement and therefore there is potential for management bias through manipulation of core assumptions. In response our testing included, on a sample basis, comparing management’s estimates on prior year policies against actual premiums received as well as to historical experience on similar policies.
Valuation of technical provisions includes assumptions and methodology requiring significant management judgement and involves complex calculations, and therefore there is potential for management bias. There is also a risk of overriding controls by making late adjustments to the technical provisions. In response to these risks we involved our actuarial specialists to develop independent estimates of the technical provisions and we tested the late journal entries to technical provisions.
In common with all audits under ISAs (UK), we are also required to perform specific procedures to respond to the risk of management override. In addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments; assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and evaluated the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business.
In addition to the above, our procedures to respond to the risks identified included the following:
reviewing financial statement disclosures by testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with provisions of relevant laws and regulations described as having a direct effect on the financial statements;
performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud;
enquiring of management and internal audit concerning actual and potential litigation and claims, and instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations; and
reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance, reviewing internal audit reports, and reviewing correspondence with Lloyd’s, Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial Conduct Authority.
Independent Auditor’s report to the members of Syndicate 435 (continued)
17
Report on other legal and regulatory requirements
Opinions on other matters prescribed by The Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 and the Lloyd’s Syndicate Accounts Instructions
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
the information given in the strategic report and the managing agent’s report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the managing agent’s report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the syndicate and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified any material misstatements in the strategic report or the managing agent’s report.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
Under The Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 we are required to report in respect of the following matters if, in our opinion:
the managing agent in respect of the syndicate has not kept adequate accounting records; or
the syndicate annual financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
We have nothing to report in respect of these matters.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the syndicate’s members, as a body, in accordance with regulation 10 of The Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the syndicate’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the syndicate’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
As required by the Syndicate Accounts Instructions Version 2.0, these financial statements will form part of the Electronic Format Annual Syndicate Accounts filed with the Council of Lloyd’s and published on the Lloyd’s website. This auditors’ report provides no assurance over whether the Electronic Format Annual Syndicate Accounts have been prepared in compliance with Section 2 of the Syndicate Accounts Instructions Version 2. We have been engaged to provide assurance on whether the Electronic Format Annual Syndicate Accounts has been prepared in compliance with Section 2 of the Syndicate Accounts Instructions Version 2 and will privately report to the directors of the managing agent and the Council of Lloyd’s on this.
Adam Addis ACA (Senior statutory auditor)
For and on behalf of Deloitte LLP
Statutory Auditor
London, United Kingdom
19 February 2026
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
18
Technical account – General business
For the year ended 31 December 2025
Note
2025
$000
2024
$000
Gross premiums written
756,454
821,942
Outwards reinsurance premiums
(76,073)
(94,542)
Premiums written, net of reinsurance
680,381
727,400
Changes in unearned premium
17
Change in the gross provision for unearned premiums
34,260
(38,427)
Change in the provision for unearned premiums reinsurers’ share
(6,862)
6,609
Net change in provisions for unearned premiums
27,398
(31,818)
Earned premiums, net of reinsurance
707,779
695,582
Allocated investment return transferred from the non-technical account
10
68,676
75,049
Claims paid
17
Gross amount
(353,805)
(353,056)
Reinsurers’ share
15,027
32,912
Net claims paid
(338,778)
(320,144)
Change in the provision for claims
17
Gross amount
(43,861)
(9,080)
Reinsurers’ share
15,331
(46,531)
Net change in provisions for claims
(28,530)
(55,611)
Claims incurred, net of reinsurance
(367,308)
(375,755)
Net operating expenses
7
(205,688)
(204,457)
Balance on the technical account – general business
203,459
190,419
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income (continued)
19
Non-technical account – General business
For the year ended 31 December 2025
The accompanying notes from page 24 to 47 form an integral part of these financial statements.
Note
2025$000
2024$000
Balance on the technical account – general business
203,459
190,419
Investment income
10
9,269
40,274
Realised gains/(losses) on investments
10
42,648
17,557
Unrealised gains/(losses) on investments
10
17,870
18,255
Investment expenses and charges
10
(1,111)
(1,037)
Total investment return
68,676
75,049
Allocated investment return transferred to the general business technical account
(68,676)
(75,049)
Foreign exchange
1,954
(5,040)
Profit for the financial year
205,413
185,379
Other comprehensive income:
Other
-
-
Total profit for the year
205,413
185,379
Balance sheet - Assets
20
As at 31 December 2025
Note
2025$000
2024$000
Financial investments
1,789,702
1,652,241
Deposits with ceding undertakings
1,488
2,423
Investments
1,791,190
1,654,664
Provision for unearned premiums
23,098
29,669
Claims outstanding
219,806
199,979
Reinsurers’ share of technical provisions
17
242,904
229,648
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
126,227
141,581
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
13
146,311
142,982
Other debtors
14
-
-
Debtors
272,538
284,563
Cash at bank and in hand
90,150
69,146
Other assets
90,150
69,146
Accrued interest and rent
401
7,252
Deferred acquisition costs
15
60,031
63,739
Other prepayments and accrued income
-
-
Prepayments and accrued income
60,432
70,991
Total assets
2,457,214
2,309,012
Balance sheet - Liabilities
21
As at 31 December 2025
Note
2025$000
2024$000
Members’ balances
322,463
204,200
Total capital and reserves
322,463
204,200
Provision for unearned premiums
303,479
332,010
Claims outstanding
1,739,180
1,667,532
Technical provisions
17
2,042,659
1,999,542
Creditors arising out of direct insurance operations
18
10,056
11,118
Creditors arising out of reinsurance operations
72,666
85,198
Other creditors including taxation and social security
20
47
56
Creditors
82,769
96,372
Accruals and deferred income
9,323
8,898
Total liabilities
2,134,751
2,104,812
Total liabilities, capital and reserves
2,457,214
2,309,012
The Syndicate financial statements on pages 18 to 47 were approved by the board of Faraday Underwriting Limited on 19 February 2026 and were signed on its behalf by;
Kevin Harker
Director
London
19 February 2026
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Statement of changes in members’ balances
22
For the year ended 31 December 2025
2025$000
2024$000
Members’ balances brought forward at 1 January
204,200
79,661
Total profit/(loss) for the year
205,413
185,379
Payments of profit to members’ personal reserve funds
(87,139)
(60,847)
Other
(11)
7
Members’ balances carried forward at 31 December
322,463
204,200
Statement of cash flows
23
For the year ended 31 December 2025
Note
2025$000
2024$000
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit/(loss) for the financial year
205,413
185,379
Adjustments:
Increase/(decrease) in gross technical provisions
43,117
34,177
(Increase)/decrease in reinsurers’ share of gross
technical provisions
(13,256)
40,321
(Increase)/decrease in debtors
12,025
(48,918)
Increase/(decrease) in creditors
(13,603)
2,085
Movement in other assets/liabilities
10,984
463
Investment return
(68,676)
(75,049)
Foreign exchange
(24,138)
15,922
Other
(42,647)
(17,557)
Net cash flows from operating activities
109,219
136,823
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of equity and debt instruments
(2,758,819))
(1,377,932))
Sale of equity and debt instruments
2,704,926
1,222,639
Investment income received
51,917
57,831
Other
2,471
8,241
Net cash flows from investing activities
495
(89,221)
Cash flows from financing activities
Distribution of profit
(87,139)
(60,847)
Other
(11)
7
Net cash flows from financing activities
(87,150)
(60,840)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
22,564
(13,238)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
70,195
87,170
Foreign exchange on cash and cash equivalents
2,578
(3,737)
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
21
95,337
70,195
Notes to the financial statements
24
1.Basis of preparation
Faraday Syndicate 435 (‘The syndicate’) comprises a group of members of the Society of Lloyd's that underwrites insurance business in the London Market. The address of the Syndicate’s managing agent is Corn Exchange, 55 Mark Lane, London, EC3R 7NE.
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Insurance Accounts Directive (Lloyd’s Syndicate and Aggregate Accounts) Regulations 2008 and applicable Accounting Standards in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 (FRS 102). FRS 102 requires the application of Financial Reporting Standard 103 (FRS 103) in relation to insurance contracts. Since all open years of account are aligned data under Schedule 3 Section 6(1)b of the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 has not been prepared.
The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and available for sale that are measured at fair value.
The financial years presented are 31 December 2025 and comparatives at 31 December 2024. All amounts have been rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise indicated.
The financial statements are presented in US Dollars, the functional currency of the syndicate is US Dollars because that is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the syndicate operates.
The syndicate continues to engage in non-life business.
Going concern
The syndicate has financial resources to meet its financial needs and manages its portfolio of insurance risk. The directors have continued to review the business plans, liquidity and operational resilience of the syndicate and are satisfied that the syndicate is well positioned to manage its business risks in the current economic environment for the next 12 months. There is no intention to cease underwriting or cease the operations of the syndicate.
Accordingly, the directors of the managing agent continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the annual report and financial statements.
2.Use of judgements and estimates
In preparing these financial statements, the directors of the managing agent have made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the syndicate’s accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
The following critical judgements have been made in applying the syndicate’s accounting policies:
There are no critical accounting judgements, apart from those involving estimations (which are dealt with separately below), in the process of applying the syndicate’s accounting policies.
The syndicate makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
25
Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are addressed below.
Gross premiums written
Gross premiums written includes estimates for pipeline premiums together with adjustments to premiums written in prior accounting periods; these are key estimates. Gross premiums written include pipeline premiums calculated using actuarial projection techniques on the key assumption that historical development is representative of future development. In the syndicate, premiums written is initially based on the estimated premium income (‘EPI’) of each contract, adjusted by actuarial projection techniques where appropriate. EPI is adjusted as the year of account matures. Sensitivities have been run on the pipeline premium balance. A decrease in the pipeline premium of 20% would impact gross written premium by $61.9m (2024: $59.7m) and conversely an increase would add $61.9m (2024: $59.7m) to gross written premium. Neither movement would give rise to a material change in the overall result. Gross premiums written are disclosed in note 5.
Valuation of assets and liabilities of non-life insurance contracts
Estimates are made for both the expected ultimate cost of claims reported and claims IBNR at the balance sheet date. The estimate of IBNR is generally subject to a greater degree of uncertainty than that for reported claims. In calculating the estimated liability, the syndicate uses a variety of estimation techniques based upon statistical analyses of historical experience which assumes past trends can be used to project future developments. The estimation of the reinsurer’s share of technical provisions, particularly IBNR, is subject to the same estimation uncertainty since its valuation is dependent on the gross estimate. Technical provisions are disclosed in note 17.
3.Significant accounting policies
The following significant accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the syndicate’s financial statements.
Premiums written
Premiums written comprise premiums on policies incepted during the financial year as well as adjustments made in the year to premiums written in prior financial years. Premiums written are shown gross of acquisition costs payable and exclude taxes and duties levied on them. Premiums include estimates for pipeline premiums, representing amounts due to the syndicate not yet notified.
Unearned premiums
Unearned premiums represent the proportion of premiums written in the financial year that relate to unexpired terms of policies in force at the balance sheet date, calculated on the basis of established earnings patterns or time apportionment as appropriate.
Reinsurance premium ceded
Outwards reinsurance premiums are accounted for in the same year as the premiums for the related inwards business being reinsured.
Claims provisions and related recoveries
Gross claims incurred comprise the estimated cost of all claims occurring during the financial year, whether reported or not, including related direct and indirect claims handling costs and adjustments to claims outstanding established in previous years.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
26
The provision for claims outstanding is assessed on an individual case basis and is based on the estimated ultimate cost of all claims notified but not settled by the balance sheet date, together with the provision for related claims handling costs. The provision also includes the estimated cost of claims incurred but not reported (‘IBNR’) at the balance sheet date based on statistical methods.
These methods generally involve the projection from past experience of the development of claims over time to form a view of the likely ultimate claims to be incurred, having regard to variations in the business accepted and the underlying terms and conditions. For the most recent years, where a high degree of volatility can arise from projections, estimates may be based in part on output from rating and other models of the business accepted and assessments of underwriting conditions.
The reinsurers’ share of claims outstanding is based on the amounts of gross case reserves and IBNR, net of estimated irrecoverable amounts, having regard to the reinsurance programme in place for the class of business, the claims experience for the financial year and the current security rating of the reinsurance companies involved. A number of statistical methods are used to assist in making these estimates.
The two most critical assumptions with regard to claims provisions are firstly that the past is, in general terms, a reasonable predictor of the likely level of claims development but subject always to unpredictable changes and secondly that the rating and other models used for current business are fair reflections of the likely level of ultimate claims to be incurred.
The directors consider that the provisions for gross claims and related reinsurance recoveries are fairly stated on the basis of the information currently available to them. However, the ultimate liability will vary as a result of subsequent information and events and this may result in significant adjustments to the amounts provided. Adjustments to the amounts of claims provisions established in prior financial years are reflected in the financial statements for the period in which the adjustments are made. The methods used, and the estimates made, are reviewed regularly.
Unexpired risks provision
A provision for unexpired risks is made where anticipated claims and related expenses arising after the end of the financial year in respect of contracts concluded before that date, are expected to exceed the unearned premiums under these contracts, after the deduction of any deferred acquisition costs.
The provision for unexpired risks is calculated by reference to classes of business which are managed together, after taking into account the relevant investment return.
Deferred acquisition costs
Acquisition costs, comprising commission and other costs related to the acquisition of insurance and reinsurance policies as well as reinsurance polices ceded, are deferred to the extent that they are attributable to premiums unearned at the balance sheet date.
Foreign currencies
The syndicate’s functional currency is considered to be US dollars (USD) because that is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the syndicate operates. The syndicate’s chosen presentational currency is USD.
Underwriting transactions denominated in currencies other than USD, GBP or Canadian dollars (CAD) are predominantly converted to GBP at the rate of exchange ruling at the date the transaction is processed. Thereafter, GBP and CAD transactions are converted to the functional currency using the USD exchange rates prevailing at the respective month end.
Under FRS 102 and FRS 103, monetary assets and liabilities (which include unearned premiums and deferred acquisition costs) denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated into the functional currency at the exchange rate ruling on the reporting date. Non-monetary items denominated in foreign currencies, measured at fair value, are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rate ruling at the date when the fair value was determined.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
27
Exchange differences arising from translation to functional currency are recorded in the Profit and Loss Account, non-technical account.
Investments
Investments are stated at current value at the balance sheet date. For this purpose, listed investments are stated at market value and deposits with credit institutions which includes overseas deposits are stated at cost. Unlisted investments for which a market exists are stated at the average price at which they are traded on the balance sheet date or the last trading day before that date.
Unlisted investments for which a market does not exist, where the investment is held to maturity, are stated at cost.
The directors use their judgement in selecting an appropriate valuation technique. Where possible, financial instruments are marked at prices quoted in active markets. In certain instances, such price information is not available for all instruments and the syndicate uses valuation techniques to measure such instruments. These techniques use ‘market observable inputs’ where available, derived from similar assets in similar and active markets, from recent transaction prices for comparable items or from other observable market data. For positions where observable reference data are not available for some or all parameters the syndicate estimates the non-market observable inputs used in its valuation models.
Investment fair value hierarchy
We have adopted FRS 102 section 11.27 which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritises the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 Quoted prices for an identical asset in an active market. Quoted in an active market in this context means quoted prices are readily and regularly available and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.
Level 2 When quoted prices are unavailable, the price of a recent transaction for an identical asset provides evidence of fair value as long as there has not been a significant change in economic circumstances or a significant lapse of time since the transaction took place. If it can be demonstrated that the last transaction price is not a good estimate of fair value (e.g. because it reflects the amount that an entity would receive or pay in a forced transaction, involuntary liquidation or distress sale), that price is adjusted.
Level 3 If the market for the asset is not active and recent transactions of an identical asset on their own are not a good estimate of fair value, the fair value is estimated by using a valuation technique. The objective of using a valuation technique is to estimate what the transaction price would have been on the measurement date in an arm’s length exchange motivated by normal business considerations.
Investment return
Investment return comprises all investment income, realised investment gains and losses and movements in unrealised gains and losses, net of investment expenses, charges and interest.
Realised gains and losses on investments are calculated as the difference between sale proceeds and purchase price. Unrealised gains and losses on investments represent the difference between the valuation at the balance sheet date and their valuation at the previous balance sheet date, or purchase price, if acquired during the financial year, together with the reversal of unrealised gains and losses recognised in earlier financial years in respect of investment disposals in the current financial year.
Investment return is initially recorded in the non-technical account. A transfer is made from the non-technical account to the technical account general business. Investment return has been wholly allocated to the technical account since all investments relate to the technical account.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
28
Taxation
Under Schedule 19 of the Finance Act 1993 managing agents are not required to deduct basic rate income tax from trading income. In addition, all UK basic rate income tax deducted from syndicate investment income is recoverable by managing agents and consequently the distribution made to the member is gross of tax. Capital appreciation falls within trading income and is also distributed gross of tax.
No provision has been made for any United States Federal Income Tax payable on underwriting results or investment earnings. Any payments on account made by the syndicate during the year are included in the balance sheet under the heading ‘Other debtors’.
No provision has been made for any overseas tax payable by members on underwriting results.
Pension costs
Staff who provide services to the syndicate are employed by GRF Services Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Faraday Holdings Limited. GRF Services Limited operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Pension contributions relating to syndicate staff are charged to the syndicate and included within net operating expenses.
Profit commission
Profit commission is not being charged by the managing agent.
Deposits with ceding undertakings
Deposits with ceding undertakings are funds held by Lloyd’s Europe on behalf of the syndicate to settle Part VII claims. These funds are held at amortised cost in the balance sheet.
4.Risk and capital management
Introduction and overview
This note presents information about the nature and extent of insurance and financial risks to which the syndicate is exposed, the managing agent’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing insurance and financial risks, and for managing the syndicate’s capital.
Risk management framework
The Board of Directors of the Managing Agent has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the syndicate’s risk management framework. The Board has established a Risk Committee to oversee the operation of the syndicate’s risk management framework and to review and monitor the management of the risks to which the syndicate is exposed.
The Risk Committee reports regularly to the Audit and Risk Committee on its activities.
The risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the syndicate, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits.
A.Insurance risk
The syndicate accepts insurance risk through its insurance contracts where it assumes the risk of loss from persons or organisations that are directly subject to the underlying loss. The syndicate is exposed to the uncertainty surrounding the timing, frequency and severity of claims under these contracts.
The syndicate manages its risk via its underwriting and reinsurance strategy within an overall risk management framework.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
29
The claims development table in note number 16 shows the actual claims incurred to previous estimates for the last 10 years.
Concentration
The syndicate writes Property, Liability and Aviation risks primarily over a twelve month duration. The most significant risks arise from natural disasters and other catastrophes (i.e. high severity, low frequency events). A concentration of risk may also arise from a single insurance contract issued to a particular demographic type of policyholder, within a geographical location or to types of commercial business. The relative variability of the outcome is mitigated if there is a large portfolio of similar risks.
The concentration of non-life insurance by type of contract is summarised below by reference to liabilities.
Sensitivity to insurance risk
The liabilities established could be significantly lower or higher than the ultimate cost of settling the claims arising. This level of uncertainty varies between the classes of business and the nature of the risk being underwritten and can arise from developments in case reserving for large losses and catastrophes, or from changes in estimates of claims IBNR.
The following table presents the sensitivity of the value of insurance liabilities disclosed in the accounts to potential movements in the assumptions applied within the technical provisions. Given the nature of the business underwritten by the syndicate, the approach to calculating the technical provisions for each class can vary and as a result the sensitivity performed is to apply a beneficial and adverse risk margin to the total insurance liability.
General insurance business sensitivities as at 31 December 2025
Sensitivity
+5.0%$000
-5.0%$000
Claims outstanding – gross of reinsurance
86,959
(86,959)
Claims outstanding – net of reinsurance
75,969
(75,969)
General insurance business sensitivities as at 31 December 2024
Sensitivity
+5.0%
$000
-5.0%$000
Claims outstanding – gross of reinsurance
83,377
(83,377)
Claims outstanding – net of reinsurance
73,378
(73,378)
B.Financial risk
The syndicate monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the syndicate through internal risk reports which analyse exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. These risks include market risk (currency risk, interest rate risk and price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.
a.Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the syndicate. The key areas of exposure to credit risk for the syndicate are in relation to its investment portfolio, reinsurance programme and to a lesser extent amounts due from policyholders and intermediaries.
The objective of the syndicate in managing its credit risk is to ensure risk is managed in line with the syndicate’s risk appetite. The syndicate has established policies and procedures in order to manage credit risk and methods to measure it.
Notes to the Financial Statements (continued)
30
Credit rating relating to financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired
Year 2025
AAA$000
AA$000
A$000
BBB$000
Other$000
Not rated$000
Total$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
32,192
1,705,581
35
-
-
-
1,737,808
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
-
46,706
5,188
-
-
-
51,894
Deposits with ceding undertakings
-
-
1,488
-
-
-
1,488
Reinsurers’ share of claims outstanding
-
188,157
25,696
43
-
5,910
219,806
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
-
-
-
-
-
108,302
108,302
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
-
3,225
695
13
-
114,051
117,984
Cash at bank and in hand
-
-
90,150
-
-
-
90,150
Other debtors and accrued interest
28
373
-
-
-
-
401
Total
32,220
1,944,042
123,252
56
-
228,263
2,327,833
Year 2024
AAA$000
AA$000
A$000
BBB$000
Other$000
Not rated$000
Total$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
-
6,848
-
-
-
-
6,848
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
77,229
522,948
996,652
-
-
-
1,596,829
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
-
47,515
1,049
-
-
-
48,564
Deposits with ceding undertakings
-
-
2,423
-
-
-
2,423
Reinsurers’ share of claims outstanding
815
151,125
40,193
96
-
7,750
199,979
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
-
-
-
-
-
122,244
122,244
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
4
1,478
1,754
19
-
116,004
119,259
Cash at bank and in hand
-
-
69,146
-
-
-
69,146
Other debtors and accrued interest
797
6,455
-
-
-
-
7,252
Total
78,845
736,369
1,111,2177
115
-
245,998
2,172,544
The 2024 disclosure has been revised to reflect not rated past due nor impaired to meet Lloyd’s requirements.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
31
The syndicate has debtors arising from direct insurance and reinsurance operations that are past due but not impaired at the reporting date.
An analysis of the carrying amounts of past due or impaired debtors is presented in the table below
Neither past due nor impaired assets
Past due but not impaired assets
Gross value of impaired assets
Impairment allowance
Total
2025
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
-
-
-
-
-
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
1,737,808
-
-
-
1,737,808
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
51,894
-
-
-
51,894
Deposits with ceding undertakings
1,488
-
-
-
1,488
Reinsurers' share of claims outstanding
219,806
-
-
-
219,806
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
108,302
17,925
-
-
126,227
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
117,984
28,327
-
-
146,311
Cash at bank and in hand
90,150
-
-
-
90,150
Other debtors and accrued interest
401
-
-
-
401
Total
2,327,833
46,252
-
-
2,374,085
Neither past due nor impaired assets
Past due but not impaired assets
Gross value of impaired assets
Impairment allowance
Total
2024
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
6,848
-
-
-
6,848
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
1,596,829
-
-
-
1,596,829
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
48,564
-
-
-
48,564
Deposits with ceding undertakings
2,423
-
-
-
2,423
Reinsurers' share of claims outstanding
199,979
-
-
-
199,979
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
122,244
19,337
-
-
141,581
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
119,259
23,723
-
-
142,982
Cash at bank and in hand
69,146
-
-
-
69,146
Other debtors and accrued interest
7,252
-
-
-
7,252
Total
2,172,544
43,060
-
-
2,215,604
The above is included to address the Lloyd’s requirements.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
32
The table below sets out the age analysis of financial assets that are past due but not impaired at the balance sheet date:
The 2024 disclosure has been revised to reflect the Debtors classification more accurately the past due but not impaired.
b.Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the syndicate cannot meet its obligations associated with financial liabilities as they fall due. The syndicate has adopted an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the syndicate’s liquidity requirements. The syndicate is exposed to liquidity risk arising from clients on its insurance and investment contracts.
6
000
000
000
000
000
Undiscounted net cash flows
Year 2025
No maturity stated$000
0-1 yrs$000
1-3 yrs$000
3-5 yrs$000
>5 yrs$000
Total$000
Claims outstanding
-
413,754
629,576
246,421
449,429
1,739,180
Creditors
-
57,582
25,187
-
-
82,769
Other credit balances
-
9,323
-
-
-
9,323
Total
-
480,659
654,763
246,421
449,429
1,831,272
000
000
000
000
000
Undiscounted net cash flows
Year 2024
No maturity stated$000
0-1 yrs$000
1-3 yrs$000
3-5 yrs$000
>5 yrs$000
Total$000
Claims outstanding
-
436,443
676,379
234,181
320,529
1,667,5322
Creditors
-
68,632
27,740
-
-
96,372
Other credit balances
-
8,898
-
-
-
8,898
Total
-
513,973
704,119
234,181
320,529
1,772,8022
Past due but not impaired
0-3 months past due
3-6 months past due
6-12 months past due
Greater than 1 year past due
Total
2025
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
15,380
2,013
532
-
17,925
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
15,134
9,643
3,338
212
28,327
Total
30,514
11,656
3,870
212
46,252
Past due but not impaired
0-3 months past due
3-6 months past due
6-12 months past due
Greater than 1 year past due
Total
2024
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
15,767
2,941
629
-
19,337
Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
16,717
5,335
1,411
260
23,723
Total
32,484
8,276
2,040
260
43,060
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
33
c.Market risk
Market risk is the risk of adverse financial impact as a consequence of market movements such as currency exchange rates, interest rates and other price changes. Market risk arises due to fluctuations in both the value of assets held and the value of liabilities. The objective of the syndicate in managing its market risk is to ensure risk is managed in line with the syndicate’s risk appetite.
The syndicate undertakes certain transactions denominated in foreign currencies and has minimal exposure to currency risk as the syndicate’s financial assets are primarily matched to the same currencies as its insurance contract liabilities. As a result, foreign exchange risk arises only to the extent that assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies are not precisely matched.
The table below summarises the carrying value of the syndicate’s assets and liabilities, at the reporting date:
Sterling
US dollar
Euro
Canadian dollar
Australian dollar
Japanese Yen
Total
2025
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Investments
212,385
1,355,336
84,785
116,642
22,042
-
1,791,190
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions
84,800
149,221
443
4,390
4,050
-
242,904
Debtors
34,613
184,580
30,111
12,153
8,211
2,870
272,538
Other assets
14,472
17,941
6,182
3,669
30,231
17,655
90,150
Prepayments and accrued income
7,901
41,912
2,795
4,461
3,095
268
60,432
Total assets
354,171
1,748,990
124,316
141,315
67,629
20,793
2,457,214
Technical provisions
(339,059)
(1,419,532)
(112,431))
(94,007)
(64,302)
(13,328)
(2,042,659)
Creditors
(12,520)
(63,035)
(1,693)
(3,919)
(1,546)
(56)
(82,769)
Accruals and deferred income
(4,938)
(3,563)
(22)
(336)
(464)
-
(9,323)
Total liabilities
(356,517)
(1,486,130)
(114,146))
(98,262)
(66,312)
(13,384)
(2,134,751)
Total capital and reserves
2,346
(262,860)
(10,170)
(43,053)
(1,317)
(7,409)
(322,463)
Sterling
US dollar
Euro
Canadian dollar
Australian dollar
Japanese Yen
Total
2024
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Investments
217,257
1,268,745
44,600
102,163
21,899
-
1,654,664
Reinsurers' share of technical provisions
85,040
135,052
810
5,240
3,506
-
229,648
Debtors
33,492
195,959
33,005
11,803
6,383
3,921
284,563
Other assets
7,255
11,512
7,940
1,703
26,139
14,597
69,146
Prepayments and accrued income
7,376
50,545
6,773
3,770
2,225
302
70,991
Total assets
350,420
1,661,813
93,128
124,679
60,152
18,820
2,309,012
Technical provisions
(328,385)
(1,432,551)
(88,202)
(91,885)
(48,169)
(10,350)
(1,999,542)
Creditors
(13,092)
(72,200)
(2,914)
(4,928)
(3,211)
(27)
(96,372)
Accruals and deferred income
(4,542)
(3,336)
(77)
(514)
(429)
-
(8,898)
Total liabilities
(346,019)
(1,508,087)
(91,193)
(97,327)
(51,809)
(10,377)
(2,104,812)
Total capital and reserves
(4,401)
(153,726)
(1,935)
(27,352)
(8,343)
(8,443)
(204,200)
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
34
The following table details Interest rate risk. This is the risk that the value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.
The syndicate is exposed to interest rate risk as it invests in long term debt at both fixed and floating interest rates. The risk is managed by the syndicate by maintaining an appropriate mix of asset duration such that the duration of liabilities is closely matched by our asset portfolio.
The sensitivity analyses below have been determined based on the exposure to interest rates. A 0.5% increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.
2025Impact on results before tax$000
2025Impact on
members’
balances$000
2024Impact on results before tax$000
2024Impact on
members’
balances$000
Interest rate risk
+ 50 basis points shift in yield curves
(2,014)
(2,014)
(3,194)
(3,194)
- 50 basis points shift in yield curves
2,022
2,022
3,208
3,208
Equity price risk
5 percent increase in equity prices
-
-
342
342
5 percent decrease in equity prices
-
-
(342)
(342)
C.Capital management
i.Capital framework at Lloyd’s
The Society of Lloyd’s (Lloyd’s) is a regulated undertaking and subject to supervision by the Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, and in accordance with the Solvency UK Framework.
Within this supervisory framework, Lloyd’s applies capital requirements at member level and centrally to ensure that Lloyd’s would comply with the Solvency UK requirements, and beyond that to meet its own financial strength, licence and ratings objectives.
Although, as described below, Lloyd’s capital setting processes use a capital requirement set at syndicate level as a starting point, the requirement to meet Solvency UK and Lloyd’s capital requirements apply at overall and member level only respectively, not at syndicate level. Accordingly, the capital requirement in respect of Syndicate 435 is not disclosed in these financial statements.
ii.Lloyd’s capital setting process
In order to meet Lloyd’s requirements, each syndicate is required to calculate its Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) for the prospective underwriting year. This amount must be sufficient to cover a 1 in 200 year loss, reflecting uncertainty in the ultimate run-off of underwriting liabilities (SCR ‘to ultimate’). The syndicate must also calculate its SCR at the same confidence level but reflecting uncertainty over a one year time horizon (one year SCR) for Lloyd’s to use in meeting Solvency UK requirements. The SCRs of each syndicate are subject to review by Lloyd’s and approval by the Lloyd’s Capital and Planning Group.
A syndicate may be comprised of one or more underwriting members of Lloyd’s. Each member is liable for its own share of underwriting liabilities on the syndicates on which it is participating but not other members’ shares. Accordingly, the capital requirements that Lloyd’s sets for each member operates on a similar basis.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
35
Each member’s SCR shall thus be determined by the sum of the member’s share of the syndicate SCR ‘to ultimate’. Where a member participates on more than one syndicate, a credit for diversification is provided to reflect the spread of risk, but consistent with determining an SCR which reflects the capital requirement to cover a 1 in 200 loss ‘to ultimate’ for that member. Over and above this, Lloyd’s applies a capital uplift to the member’s capital requirement, known as the Economic Capital Assessment (ECA). The purpose of this uplift, which is a Lloyd’s not a Solvency UK requirement, is to meet Lloyd’s financial strength, licence and ratings objectives. The capital uplift applied for 2025 was 35% (2024: 35%) of the member’s SCR ‘to ultimate’.
iii.Provision of capital by members
Each member may provide capital to meet its ECA either by assets held in trust by Lloyd’s specifically for that member (FAL), assets held and managed within a syndicate (FIS), or as the member’s share of the members’ balances on each syndicate on which it participates.
Accordingly, all of the assets less liabilities of the syndicate, as represented in the members’ balances reported on the balance sheet represent resources available to meet members’ and Lloyd’s capital requirements.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
36
5.Analysis of underwriting result
An analysis of the underwriting result before investment return is presented in the table below:
2025
Gross premiums written$000
Gross premiums earned$000
Gross claims incurred$000
Gross operating expenses$000
Reinsurance balance$000
Underwriting result$000
Direct insurance
Accident and health
637
598
1,065
(93)
1
1,571
Motor (third party liability)
439
501
(4,632)
(148)
(2)
(4,281)
Motor (other classes)
35,479
42,239
(22,277)
(19,384)
(162)
416
Marine, aviation, and transport
33,481
30,395
(14,025)
(8,920)
(5,719)
1,731
Fire and other damage to property
196,287
218,066
(52,143)
(56,433)
(32,813)
76,677
Third party liability
129,392
119,940
(89,827)
(42,459)
(1,409)
(13,755)
Credit and suretyship
1,908
2,005
(1,262)
(648)
-
95
Legal expenses
1,053
960
(141)
(345)
35
509
Total direct insurance
398,676
414,704
(183,242))
(128,430)
(40,069)
62,963
Reinsurance acceptances
357,778
376,010
(214,424))
(89,666)
(100)
71,820
Total
756,454
790,714
(397,666))
(218,096)
(40,169)
134,783
The below is an additional disclosure for Lloyd’s reporting purposes and is included to facilitate the classification of the above segments into the Lloyd’s aggregate classes of business:
2025
Gross premiums written$000
Gross premiums earned$000
Gross claims incurred$000
Gross operating expenses$000
Reinsurance balance$000
Underwriting result$000
Additional analysis
Fire and damage to property of which is:
Specialities
7,286
6,069
(1,817)
(1,552)
(613)
2,087
Energy
10,380
8,712
(6,106)
(1,757)
(436)
413
Third party liability of which is:
Energy
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
37
2024
Gross premiums written$000
Gross premiums earned$000
Gross claims incurred$000
Gross operating expenses$000
Reinsurance balance$000
Underwriting result$000
Direct insurance
Accident and health
1,986
5,417
10,536
(9,303)
56
6,706
Motor (third party liability)
1,170
2,765
(4,500)
(737)
(7)
(2,479)
Motor (other classes)
46,672
43,346
(23,572)
(16,955)
(103)
2,716
Marine, aviation, and transport
26,263
19,836
(13,596)
(6,793)
(4,065)
(4,618)
Fire and other damage to property
247,489
241,982
(67,999)
(60,707)
(41,753)
71,523
Third party liability
120,580
117,073
(89,841)
(35,873)
(5,700)
(14,341)
Credit and suretyship
2,816
2,913
(2,462)
(984)
6
(527)
Legal expenses
1,191
1,077
(911)
(417)
1
(250)
Total direct insurance
448,167
434,409
(192,345)
1
9
2
,
3
4
5
)
(131,769))
(51,565)
58,730
Reinsurance acceptances
373,775
349,106
(169,791)
1
6
9
,
7
9
1
)
(81,323)
(41,352)
56,640
Total
821,942
783,515
(362,136)
3
6
2
,
1
3
6
)
(213,092))
(92,917)
115,370
The below is an additional disclosure for Lloyd’s reporting purposes and is included to facilitate the classification of the above segments into the Lloyd’s aggregate classes of business.
2024
Gross premiums written$000
Gross premiums earned$000
Gross claims incurred$000
Gross operating expenses$000
Reinsurance balance$000
Underwriting result$000
Additional analysis
Fire and damage to property of which is:
Specialities
6,287
6,288
(2,493)
(2,372)
(381)
1,042
Energy
8,293
8,420
(3,512)
(2,163)
(1,142)
1,603
Third party liability of which is:
Energy
192
91
(34)
(36)
(9)
12
The gross premiums written for direct insurance by underwriting location of risk is presented in the table below:
2025$000
2024$000
United Kingdom
398,676
448,167
Total gross premiums written
398,676
448,167
The 2024 disclosure has been revised to reflect more accurately the underwriting location of risk.
6.Claims
There has been no material change to the method of reserving during the year under review.
Overall loss development was lower than anticipated across the majority of years and business classes. In particular there were reserve releases of $107,288,000 arising from Property business, as well as $22,508,000 from Casualty business. In total there was a net release of $129,796,000 during 2025 in respect of claims outstanding at 31 December 2024 ( 2024: a net release of $97,075,000).
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
38
7.Net operating expenses
2025$000
2024$000
Acquisition costs
147,512
157,925
Change in deferred acquisition costs
4,728
(6,240)
Administrative expenses
54,461
51,170
Members’ standard personal expenses
11,288
10,237
Reinsurance commissions and profit participation
(12,301)
(8,635)
Net operating expenses
205,688
204,457
Total commissions for direct insurance business for the year amounted to:
2025$000
2024$000
Total commission for direct insurance business
81,713
100,579
Administrative expenses include:
2025$000
2024$000
Auditors’ remuneration:
Fees payable to the syndicate’s auditor for the audit of these financial statements
468
444
Fees payable to the syndicate’s auditor and its associates in respect of other services pursuant to legislation
171
121
Fees payable to Deloitte LLP for the audit of the annual financial statements of the managing agent, Faraday Underwriting Limited, are $106,000 (2024: $101,000). Fees payable for audit related assurance services provided to the managing agent are $9,000 (2024: $8,000). There were no other fees payable for the provision of other non audit services.
8.Staff numbers and costs
All staff who provide services to the syndicate are employed by GRF Services Limited, a related company of the managing agent.
The average number of employees employed by GRF Services Limited and working for the syndicate during the year was as follows:
Number of employees
2025
2024
Administration and finance
78
72
Underwriting
43
43
Claims
11
11
Investments
1
1
Total
133
127
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
39
8. Staff numbers and costs (continued)
The following amounts were recharged by GRF Services Limited to the syndicate in respect of payroll costs:
2025$000
2024$000
Wages and salaries
21,573
19,910
Social security costs
5,656
4,768
Other pension costs
1,671
1,550
Other short/long term incentive costs
9,858
8,414
Total
38,758
34,642
9.Key management personnel compensation
The directors of the managing agent received the following aggregate remuneration charged to the syndicate:
2025$000
2024$000
Directors’ emoluments
3,912
3,403
The Active Underwriter received the following aggregate remuneration charged to the syndicate:
2025$000
2024$000
Active Underwriter emoluments
1,087
846
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
40
10.Investment return
2025$000
2024$000
Interest and similar income
From financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss
Interest and similar income
6,913
36,591
Dividend income
269
331
From financial instruments at amortised cost
Interest and similar income
2,055
3,290
Interest on cash at bank
32
62
Other income from investments
From financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss
Gains on the realisation of investments
42,898
17,558
Losses on the realisation of investments
(250)
(1)
Unrealised gains on investments
17,871
18,323
Unrealised losses on the investments
(1)
(68)
Investment management expenses
(1,111)
(1,037)
Total investment return
68,676
75,049
Transferred to the technical account from the non-technical account
68,676
75,049
No interest has been paid to or derived from any group undertakings in 2025 (2024: nil).
The investment return was wholly allocated to the technical account.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
41
11.Financial investments
Carrying value
Cost
2025$000
2024$000
2025$000
2024$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
-
6,848
-
6,848
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
1,737,8088
1,596,8299
1,719,8133
1,578,728
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
51,894
48,564
51,894
48,564
Total financial investments
1,789,7022
1,652,2411
1,771,7077
1,634,140
Included in the carrying values above are listed investments as follows:
2025$000
2024$000
Listed investments
1,255,840
1,046,025
The table below presents an analysis of financial investments by their measurement classification:
2025$000
2024$000
Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
1,737,808
1,603,677
Financial assets measured at amortised cost
51,894
48,564
Total financial investments
1,789,702
1,652,241
The syndicate classifies its financial instruments held at fair value in its balance sheet using a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices for an identical asset in an active market. Quoted in an active market in this context means quoted prices are readily and regularly available and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm’s length basis.
Level 2 - When quoted prices are unavailable, the price of a recent transaction for an identical asset provides evidence of fair value as long as there has not been a significant change in economic circumstances or a significant lapse of time since the transaction took place. If it can be demonstrated that the last transaction price is not a good estimate of fair value (e.g. because it reflects the amount that an entity would receive or pay in a forced transaction, involuntary liquidation or distress sale), that price is adjusted.
Level 3 - If the market for the asset is not active and recent transactions of an identical asset on their own are not a good estimate of fair value, the fair value is estimated by using a valuation technique. The objective of using a valuation technique is to estimate what the transaction price would have been on the measurement date in an arm’s length exchange motivated by normal business considerations.
The table below analyses financial instruments held at fair value in the syndicate’s balance sheet at the reporting date by its level in the fair value hierarchy.
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
42
1.Financial investments (continued)
2025
Level 1$000
Level 2$000
Level 3$000
Assets held at amortised cost
Total$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
-
-
-
-
-
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
1,703,9322
33,876
-
-
1,737,8088
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
-
-
-
51,894
51,894
Total financial investments
1,703,9322
33,876
-
51,894
1,789,7022
Total
1,703,9322
33,876
-
51,894
1,789,7022
2024
Level 1$000
Level 2$000
Level 3$000
Assets held at amortised cost
Total$000
Shares and other variable yield securities and units in unit trusts
-
-
6,848
-
6,848
Debt securities and other fixed income securities
1,564,3733
32,456
-
-
1,596,8299
Loans and deposits with credit institutions
-
-
-
48,564
48,564
Total financial investments
1,564,3733
32,456
6,848
48,564
1,652,2411
Total
1,564,3733
32,456
6,848
48,564
1,652,2411
Movement in level 3 investments
The following table provides an analysis of investments valued with reference to level 3 inputs.
2025$000
2024$000
At 1 January
6,848
8,799
Disposals
(7,216)
(1,969)
Foreign Exchange
368
18
At 31 December
-
6,848
Shares and other variable yield securities classified as Level 3 are loans to the Lloyd’s Central Fund in respect of the 2019 and 2020 underwriting years; they are not tradeable. Their valuation, in accordance with our policy as fair value, recognises the credit and illiquidity risk of the loans and an element of subjectivity.
12.Debtors arising out of direct insurance operations
2025$000
2024$000
Due within one year
126,227
141,581
Due after one year
-
-
Total
126,227
141,581
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
43
13.Debtors arising out of reinsurance operations
2025$000
2024$000
Due within one year
146,311
142,982
Due after one year
-
-
Total
146,311
142,982
14.Other debtors
2025$000
2024$000
Other
-
-
Total
-
-
15.Deferred acquisition costs
The table below shows changes in deferred acquisition costs assets from the beginning of the period to the end of the period:
2025
2024
Gross$000
Reinsurance$000
Net$000
Gross$000
Reinsurance$000
Net$000
Balance at 1 January
63,739
(4,616)
59,123
57,896
(4,615)
53,281
Incurred deferred acquisition costs
147,512
(12,301)
135,211
157,925
(8,635)
149,290
Amortised deferred acquisition costs
(152,348)
12,409
(139,939)
1
3
9
,
9
3
9
)
(151,627)
8,577
(143,050)
1
4
3
,
0
5
0
)
Foreign exchange movements
1,128
(46)
1,082
(455)
57
(398)
Balance at 31 December
60,031
(4,554)
55,477
63,739
(4,616)
59,123
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
44
16.Claims development
The following tables illustrate the development of the estimates of earned ultimate cumulative claims incurred, including claims notified and IBNR, for each successive underwriting year, illustrating how amounts estimated have changed from the first estimates made.
As these tables are on an underwriting year basis, there is an apparent large increase from amounts reported for the end of the underwriting year to one year later as a large proportion of premiums are earned in the year of account’s second year of development.
Balances have been translated at exchange rates prevailing at 31 December 2025 in all cases.
Gross:
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Total
Pure underwriting year
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Estimate of gross claims
At end of underwriting year
162,1511
545,3500
327,1777
267,0566
224,6544
256,5322
262,8977
280,2077
290,711
9
0
,
7
1
1
292,757
9
2
,
7
5
7
One year later
316,863
687,748
508,150
436,561
398,984
412,667
468,260
409,4922
471,741
7
1
,
7
4
1
Two years later
318,556
659,438
487,185
403,482
390,640
390,879
452,587
374,3533
Three years later
296,163
618,446
432,602
380,798
376,939
382,003
438,791
Four years later
285,518
598,113
423,377
369,851
377,753
379,769
Five years later
276,952
592,254
414,144
345,335
373,367
Six years later
279,861
598,428
393,082
350,961
Seven years later
282,727
591,280
393,259
Eight years later
283,797
585,192
Nine years later
283,770
Estimate of gross claims reserve
283,770
585,192
393,259
350,961
373,367
379,769
438,791
374,3533
471,741
7
1
,
7
4
1
292,757
9
2
,
7
5
7
3,943,960
Provision in respect of prior years
346,200
Less gross claims paid
(239,563)
2
3
9
,
5
6
3
)
(511,619)
5
1
1
,
6
1
9
)
(339,294)
3
3
9
,
2
9
4
)
(282,704)
2
8
2
,
7
0
4
)
(283,932)
2
8
3
,
9
3
2
)
(274,323)
2
7
4
,
3
2
3
)
(279,491)
2
7
9
,
4
9
1
)
(176,637)
1
7
6
,
6
3
7
)
(130,853)
1
3
0
,
8
5
3
)
(32,564)
3
2
,
5
6
4
)
(2,550,980)
Gross claims reserve
44,207
73,573
53,965
68,257
89,435
105,446
159,300
197,7166
340,888
4
0
,
8
8
8
260,193
6
0
,
1
9
3
1,739,180
Net:
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Total
Pure underwriting year
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
$000
Estimate of net claims
At end of underwriting year
152,074
325,092
233,919
244,389
217,106
251,074
253,302
268,526
280,283
261,476
One year later
302,402
462,676
379,266
388,640
353,494
394,607
439,335
390,045
445,794
Two years later
303,536
449,899
375,973
365,915
352,956
373,387
425,020
360,823
Three years later
282,347
436,983
349,662
350,510
344,568
365,724
413,074
Four years later
271,873
426,972
341,932
340,756
349,928
363,717
Five years later
263,502
421,908
337,850
330,012
350,639
Six years later
267,545
428,245
328,103
336,141
Seven years later
270,079
420,692
329,888
Eight years later
271,743
414,347
Nine years later
271,244
Estimate of net claims reserves
271,244
414,347
329,888
336,141
350,639
363,717
413,074
360,823
445,794
261,476
3,547,143
Provision in respect of prior years
203,271
Less net claims paid
(227,035))
(341,770))
(278,302))
(268,574))
(263,498))
(259,370))
(261,896))
(171,067))
(127,951))
(31,577)
(2,231,040)
Net claims reserve
44,209
72,577
51,586
67,567
87,141
104,347
151,178
189,756
317,843
229,899
1,519,374
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
45
17.Technical provisions
The table below shows changes in the insurance contract liabilities and assets from the beginning of the period to the end of the period.
2025
2024
Gross provisions$000
Reinsurance
Assets$000
Net$000
Gross provisions$000
Reinsurance
Assets$000
Net$000
Claims outstanding
Balance at 1 January
1,667,532
(199,979)
1,467,553
,
4
6
7
,
5
5
3
1,669,683
(246,654)
1,423,029
Claims paid during the year
(353,805)
15,027
(338,778)
3
3
8
,
7
7
8
)
(353,056)
32,912
(320,144)
Expected cost of current year claims
546,218
(49,114)
497,104
490,352
(17,522)
472,830
Change in estimates of prior year provisions
(148,552)
18,756
(129,796)
1
2
9
,
7
9
6
)
(128,216)
31,141
(97,075)
Foreign exchange movements
27,787
(4,496)
23,291
(11,231)
144
(11,087)
Balance at 31 December
1,739,180
(219,806)
1,519,374
,
5
1
9
,
3
7
4
1,667,532
(199,979)
1,467,553
2025
2024
Gross provisions$000
Reinsurance
Assets$000
Net$000
Gross provisions$000
Reinsurance
Assets$000
Net$000
Unearned premiums
Balance at 1 January
332,010
(29,669)
302,341
295,682
(23,315)
272,367
Premiums written during the year
756,454
(76,073)
680,381
821,942
(94,542)
727,400
Premiums earned during the year
(790,714)
82,935
(707,779)
7
0
7
,
7
7
9
)
(783,515)
87,933
(695,582)
Foreign exchange movements
5,729
(291)
5,438
(2,099)
255
(1,844)
Balance at 31 December
303,479
(23,098)
280,381
332,010
(29,669)
302,341
Refer to Note 4 for the sensitivity analysis performed over the value of insurance liabilities, disclosed in the accounts, to potential movements in the assumptions applied within the technical provisions.
18.Creditors arising out of direct insurance operations
2025$000
2024$000
Due within one year
10,056
11,118
Due after one year
-
-
Total
10,056
11,118
19.Creditors arising out of reinsurance operations
2025$000
2024$000
Due within one year
47,479
57,458
Due after one year
25,187
27,740
Total
72,666
85,198
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
46
20.Other creditors
2025$000
2024$000
Other liabilities
47
56
Total
47
56
21.Cash and cash equivalents
2025$000
2024$000
Cash at bank and in hand
90,150
69,146
Deposits with credit institutions
5,187
1,049
Total cash and cash equivalents
95,337
70,195
Of the total cash and cash equivalents, the following amount was held in regulated bank accounts in overseas jurisdictions:
2025$000
2024$000
Cash at bank and in hand
-
-
Deposits with credit institutions
5,187
1,049
Total cash and cash equivalents not available for use by the syndicate
5,187
1,049
22.Related parties
In 2025 managing agency fees of $2,733,000 (2024: $2,785,000) were paid by the syndicate to Faraday Underwriting Limited. In addition to this, expenses of $55,222,000 (2024: $50,234,000) were paid to GRF Services Limited for expenses paid on behalf of the syndicate. At the year end, the amount owing to GRF Services Limited was $nil (2024: $nil). In respect of other transactions, Faraday Underwriting Limited was charged $2,117,000 for expenses (2024: $2,056,000). The amount due to Faraday Underwriting Limited at the year end was $nil (2024: $nil).
23.Foreign exchange rates
The following currency exchange rates have been used for principal foreign currency transactions:
2025
2024
Start of period rate
End of period
rate
Average
rate
Start of period rate
End of period rate
Average
rate
Sterling
0.79
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.79
0.78
Euro
0.95
0.85
0.88
0.91
0.95
0.93
US dollar
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Canadian dollar
1.43
1.38
1.39
1.33
1.43
1.37
Australian dollar
1.58
1.51
1.55
1.48
1.58
1.52
Japanese Yen
153.72
155.52
149.31
143.42
153.72
151.50
Notes to the financial statements (continued)
47
24.Funds at Lloyd’s
Every member is required to hold capital at Lloyd’s which is held in trust and known as Funds at Lloyd’s (‘FAL’). These funds are intended primarily to cover circumstances where syndicate assets prove insufficient to meet participating members’ underwriting liabilities. The level of FAL that Lloyd’s requires a member to maintain is determined by Lloyd’s based on Prudential Regulatory Authority requirements and resource criteria. The determination of FAL has regard to a number of factors including the nature and amount of risk to be underwritten by the member and the assessment of the reserving risk in respect of business that has been underwritten. Since FAL is not under the management of the managing agent, no amount has been shown in these financial statements by way of such capital resources. However, the managing agent is able to make a call on the member’s FAL to meet liquidity requirements or to settle losses.